Visualisation of diffusion sites and measurement of hydrogen traps in hot-rolled pipes

Abstract

Inclusions are very often founded in the centre of thickness in hot-rolled pipeline steel. In this research, the role of these inclusions on hydrogen diffusion, accumulation and distribution in pipeline steel is studied using the electrochemical permeation and visualisation experiments. While the permeation experiment estimates the parameters of the diffusion process, the visualisation experiment reveals the diffusion pathway in the steel microstructure. Results from the permeation test allowed to show that the steel samples selected from the segregation zone at the mid-layer of thickness have higher permeability and effective diffusion coefficient than samples from the top-layer. Also, the hydrogen visualisation results permit to reveal an increased discharge of hydrogen around inclusions as represented by a pattern of superimposed white particles. Moreover, the calculated diffusion parameters also allowed us to establish that the density of hydrogen traps in mid-layer was lower than top-layer of the steel.

KEYWORDS:

• Pipeline steel
• inclusions
• electrochemical hydrogen diffusion
• hydrogen accumulation
• hydrogen distribution

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [470033, 2015]. The authors appreciate EVRAZ North America, Saskatchewan, Canada, for supplying the pipeline steels for this study and CanmetMATERIALS, Ontario, Canada, for processing the supplied materials.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Credit author statement

Alen Thomas: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data Curation, Writing – Original draft preparation. Jerzy A. Szpunar: Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Reviewing and Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

Data availability

The raw data required to reproduce these findings are available to download from https://doi.org/10.17632/nxfg536kg3.1

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [470033, 2015]. The authors appreciate EVRAZ North America, Saskatchewan, Canada, for supplying the pipeline steels for this study and CanmetMATERIALS, Ontario, Canada, for processing the supplied materials.