Solubility of thioindigo dopants in a smectic liquid crystal host evaluated by ²H NMR spectroscopy

Abstract

The solubility of two partially deuterated thioindigo dopants in a smectic liquid crystal host was evaluated by variable temperature ²H NMR spectroscopy and polarized microscopy. 2H NMR spectra showed that the dopant (±)-6,6'-bis(2-octyloxy)-5,5-dinitrothioindigo-d ₆ forms a homogeneous solution with the smectic phases of the liquid crystal host (±)-4-(4-methylhexyloxy)phenyl 4-decyloxybenzoate (PhB) up to its saturation point of 3 mol %. These results are consistent with polarized microscopy observations of the dopant crystallizing out of solution upon reaching a concentration of 3 mol %. On the other hand, ²H NMR spectra of (±)-5,5'-dichloro-6,6'-bis(2-octyloxy)thioindigo-d ₆ dissolved in PhB showed evidence of a partitioning of the solution between smectic and isotropic microdomains, which increases with increasing dopant concentration—from 1.2 to 9.1 mol %. To a large extent, this smectic/isotropic microphase separation could not be detected by polarized microscopy. These results suggest that ²H NMR spectroscopy can provide a more accurate determination of the occurrence and extent of microphase separation in doped liquid crystal samples.