Kinetic analysis of the mechanochemical syntheses of dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium

ABSTRACT

Kinetic models for the ‘molecular’ mechanochemical syntheses of α- and β-dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium (PdLⁿI₂, where n specifies the number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the ligand and α and β refer to the substitution of the alkyl chain) are explored. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Yerofeev–Kolmogrov (JMAYK) model was determined to best fit the data obtained via ¹H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixtures over time. A rate enhancement, and corresponding increase in the Avrami exponent, was observed when the complex formed was liquid crystalline at milling temperatures.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Metallomesogen
• liquid crystal
• ball mill
• mechanochemical
• mechanochemistry
• kinetics

Acknowledgements

Equipment provided by the Jones/Ross Research Centre at Murray State University (MSU). The authors are grateful for the contribution.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary-material

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Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the MSU Committee on Institutional Studies and Research (CISR) and a Hussung Professorship in Chemistry Award.