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Notes
1 Roy Kaushik (ed.), The Indian Army in the Two World Wars (Boston: Brill, 2011).
2 Sumit Ganguly, Conflict Unending: India-Pakistan Tensions Since 1947 (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2002); Pradeep P Barua, The State at War in South Asia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), parts 4–6; Daniel P Marston and Chandar S Sundaram (eds), A Military History of India and South Asia: From the East India Company to the Nuclear Era (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2008), chs. 10–11.
3 George K Tanham, Indian Strategic Thought: An Interpretive Essay (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1992), p. vii.
4 Sunil Khilnani et al., ‘Non-Alignment 2.0: A Foreign and Strategic Policy for India in the Twenty First Century’, Centre for Policy Research (CPR), 2012, p. 38.
5 Vinod Anand, ‘Review of the Indian Army Doctrine: Dealing with Two Fronts’, CLAWS Journal (Summer 2010).
6 Walter C Ladwig III, ‘Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia’, Journal of Strategic Studies (Vol. 38, No. 4, May 2015); Christopher Clary, ‘Deterrence Stability and the Conventional Balance of Forces in South Asia’, Stimson Center, October 2013.
7 Ashok Malik, ‘Modi and the World Wars: India Hasn't Yet Understood Its Own Role as International Security Provider’, Times of India, 2 May 2015.
8 Calculated from World Bank, ‘GDP per Capita (Current US$)’, <http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2013+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc>, accessed 18 June 2015.
9 Indian Ministry of Finance, ‘Chapter 14: India and the Global Economy’, Economic Survey 2011–12 (New Delhi: Ministry of Finance, 2012), p. 340.
10 World Bank, ‘GDP per Capita (Current US$)’.
11 Sumantra Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), ch. 3.
12 International Institute for Strategic Studies, Military Balance 1989–1990 (London: IISS/Brassey's, 1989).
13 Tanham, Indian Strategic Thought, p. 66, footnote 22.
14 P A Ghosh, Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka and Role of Indian Peace Keeping Force (I.P.K.F.) (New Delhi: APH Publishing, 1999), chs. 6–7.
15 Atul Kohli, Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 3–9.
16 Ramachandra Guha, India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, 1st ed. (New York, NY: Ecco, 2007), p. 665.
17 Kanti P Bajpai et al., Brasstacks and Beyond: Perception and Management of Crisis in South Asia (New Delhi: Manohar, 1995); P R Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, and Stephen P Cohen, Four Crises and a Peace Process: American Engagement in South Asia (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2007).
18 For a survey, see Stephen P Cohen, India: Emerging Power (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001).
19 Vijay Joshi and I M D Little, India's Economic Reforms, 1991–2001 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), pp. 1–2, 14–15, 44–45.
20 Surjit S Bhalla, ‘The How and Why of Economic Growth in India, 1950–2012’, in Robert E Looney (ed.), Handbook of Emerging Economies (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 61.
21 Ibid., p. 75.
22 Ashley J Tellis, ‘Making Waves: Aiding India's Next-Generation Aircraft Carrier’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 2015, p. 5.
23 Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998).
24 Ibid., p. 11.
25 C Raja Mohan, ‘Looking beyond Malacca’, Indian Express, 11 October 2011.
26 Extracts from Prime Minister's Address, Combined Commanders Conference 2004', Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 26 October 2004, <http://bit.ly/1RYtqZ2>; quoted in Walter C Ladwig III, ‘India and Military Power Projection: Will the Land of Gandhi Become a Conventional Great Power?’, Asian Survey (Vol. 50, No. 6, November 2010), p. 1170.
27 PM India, ‘PM's Address at the Combined Commanders Conference’, news updates, 17 October 2014, <http://pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-at-the-combined-commanders-conference/>, accessed 19 October 2015.
28 These categories are distilled from studies including Atul Kohli and Prerna Singh (eds), Routledge Handbook of Indian Politics (Oxford: Routledge, 2013), chs. 27–28, 31–32; David Scott (ed.), Handbook of India's International Relations (London: Routledge, 2011), chs. 12–18, 23–25; Kanti Bajpai, Saira Basit and V Krishnappa (eds), India's Grand Strategy: History, Theory, Cases (New Delhi: Routledge, 2014), part III.
29 Graham Allison, ‘The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?’, The Atlantic, 24 September 2015.
30 Shashank Joshi, ‘Can India Blockade China?’, The Diplomat, 12 August 2013.
31 Headquarters Army Training Command, ‘Indian Army Doctrine’, October 2004, pp. 6, 9–10; Anand, ‘Review of the Indian Army Doctrine’, p. 259.
32 Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy), ‘Freedom to Use the Seas: India's Maritime Military Strategy’, May 2007; Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy), ‘Indian Maritime Doctrine’, 2009, p. 68.
33 Indian Air Force, ‘Basic Doctrine of the Indian Air Force: 2012’, 2012, p. 1.
34 Indian Ministry of Defence, ‘Demands for Grants (2012–2013)’, fifteenth report to the Standing Committee on Defence, April 2012, p. 70.
35 Rudra Chaudhuri, Forged in Crisis: India and the United States since 1947 (Noida, Uttar Pradesh: HarperCollins Publishers India, 2014), part III; Evan A Feigenbaum, ‘India's Rise, America's Interest: The Fate of the U.S.–Indian Partnership’, Foreign Affairs (Vol. 89, No. 2, March/April 2010); C Raja Mohan, Crossing the Rubicon: The Shaping of India's New Foreign Policy (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
36 Teresita C Schaffer, India and the United States in the 21st Century: Reinventing Partnership (Washington, DC: CSIS Press, 2009), pp. 65–88.
37 Committee on Foreign Relations, ‘Nomination of Colin L. Powell to Be Secretary of State’, Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, S HRG 107–114, January 2001, p. 34.
38 White House, ‘The National Security Strategy of the United States of America’, March 2006, p. 39.
39 Anit Mukherjee, ‘India as a Net Security Provider: Concept and Impediments’, Policy Brief, S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, August 2014, p. 1.
40 White House, ‘National Security Strategy’, February 2015), p. 25.
41 Ashley J Tellis, ‘Kick-Starting the U.S.-Indian Strategic Partnership’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 2014.
42 Vinay Kumar, ‘India Well Positioned to Become a Net Provider of Security: Manmohan Singh’, The Hindu, 23 May 2013.
43 Sushma Swaraj, ‘Speech by External Affairs Minister at the General Assembly of the United Nations – The UN at 70: A Time for Action’, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, 1 October 2015, <http://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/25878/English_rendering_of_Speech_by_External_Affairs_Minister_at_the_General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations__The_UN_at_70_A_Time_for_Action>, accessed 19 October 2015.
44 Chaudhuri, Forged in Crisis, pp. 255–65.
45 Shishir Gupta, ‘US Offers India State-of-the-Art Gear for New Aircraft Carrier’, Hindustan Times, 6 June 2015.
46 Carl von Clausewitz, On War, revised edition, edited and translated by Peter Paret and Michael Eliot Howard (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), pp. 345–47.
47 John J Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York, NY: WW Norton, 2003), ch. 4.
48 Patrick Porter, The Global Village Myth: Distance, War, and the Limits of Power (London: Hurst, 2015), p. 10.
49 Jack S Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495–1975 (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2015), p. 14.
50 Ibid.
51 Christopher Layne, ‘The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise’, International Security (Vol. 17, No. 4, Spring 1993), pp. 5, 35–39.
52 Barry Leonard (ed.), ‘Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms’, amended through April 2010, Joint Publication 1-02, January 2011, p. 367.
53 For a similar definition, see Dennis C Blair, ‘Military Power Projection in Asia’, in Ashley J Tellis, Mercy Kuo and Andrew Marble (eds), Strategic Asia 2008–09: Challenges and Choices (Washington, DC: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2008), pp. 398–403.
54 Robert Fry, ‘Expeditionary Operations in the Modern Era’, RUSI Journal (Vol. 150, No. 6, December 2005), p. 60.
55 Ladane Nasseri, Nafeesa Syeed, and Deema Almashabi, ‘Iranian Aid Ship Nears Yemen, Raising Risk of Saudi Showdown’, Bloomberg, 17 May 2015.
56 See, respectively, Ivanka Barzashka, ‘Are Cyber-Weapons Effective? Assessing Stuxnet's Impact on the Iranian Enrichment Programme’, RUSI Journal (Vol. 158, No. 2, March/April 2013); Sam Jones, ‘Ukraine: Russia's New Art of War’, Financial Times, 28 August 2014. See also Stephen D Biddle, ‘Allies, Airpower, and Modern Warfare: The Afghan Model in Afghanistan and Iraq’, International Security (Vol. 30, No. 3, Winter 2005/06).
57 Ladwig, ‘India and Military Power Projection’.
58 One exception would be shore bombardment by sea-based guns.