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Articles

IV. Perception Problems of the Belt and Road Initiative from Central Asia

 

Notes

1 Authors' interview with representative from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, September 2014.

2 The Nation, ‘CPEC to Help Pakistan Become Asian Tiger: Sun Weidong', 22 May 2016.

3 Authors' interview with specialist from the Pakistan-China Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan, April 2015.

4 International Institute for Strategic Studies, ‘India, the United States and China’, IISS-Fullerton Lecture by Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, 20 July 2015.

5 Tanvi Madan, ‘What India Thinks about China's One Belt, One Road Initiative (But Doesn't Explicitly Say)', Brookings, 14 March 2016.

6 Juli A McDonald, Amy Donahue and Bethany Danyluk, Energy Futures Asia (McLean, VA: Booz Allen Hamilton, 2004).

7 Washington Times, ‘China Builds Up Strategic Sea Lanes', 17 January 2005.

8 Raffaello Pantucci, ‘China-Pakistan: With Great Investment Comes Some Responsibility', RUSI Newsbrief, July 2016.

9 Economic Times, ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Will Not Affect China's Stand on Kashmir: Beijing', 31 August 2016.

10 Cited at New Delhi workshop, April 30, 2016.

11 NDRC, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, ‘Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road', March 2015.

12 Ibid.

13 Ibid.

14 European expert at RUSI Shanghai Conference, 24 June 2015.

15 Wang Jisi, presentation at RUSI Shanghai Conference, 24 June 2015.

16 Xue Chaohua and Liu Xiangrui, ‘Gansu Set to Star in “Belt and Road” Plan', China Daily, 13 April 2015.

17 Lingling Jiang and Nick Marro, ‘One Belt, One Road: What the Regional Plan Means for Foreign Companies', US-China Business Council, 30 April 2015.

18 Authors' interview with representative of Uzbekistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tashkent, January 2016.

19 Marlène Laruelle and Sébastien Peyrouse, The Chinese Question in Central Asia: Domestic Order, Social Change and the Chinese Factor (London: Hurst, 2012).

20 Authors' interview with oil and gas executive, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, September 2014; discussion with local Chinese businessman married to a Tajik woman, Dushanbe, 2014. In April 2012, when one of the authors visited and spoke to an official at the Chinese Embassy in Dushanbe the official could remember fewer than five marriages in the three years he had been posted there.

21 Marlène Laruelle and Sébastien Peyrouse, China as a Neighbor: Central Asian Perspectives and Strategies (Washington, DC and Stockholm: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, 2009).

22 Vladimir Prokopenko, ‘Chinese Migration to Kazakhstan – Threat or Myth?', Tengri News, 26 September 2014.

23 Ibid.

24 Yelena Sadovskaya, ‘The Mythology of Chinese Migration in Kazakhstan', Central Asia Caucasus Analyst, 7 January 2015.

25 Joanna Lillis, ‘Kazakhstan: China Looking to Lease Land for Agricultural Purposes', Eurasianet, 3 February 2010.

26 Brigit Brauer, ‘Rumors of Secret Land Lease to China Causes Unease in Kazakhstan', Eurasia Daily Monitor (Vol. 8, No. 50, March 2011).

27 BBC News, ‘Kazakhstan's Land Reform Protests Explained', 28 April 2016.

28 Mark Vinson, ‘Tajikistan to Lease 6,000 Hectares of Land to China’, Eurasia Daily Monitor (Vol. 9, No. 30, 2012).

29 Bruce Pannier, ‘Chinese Move on to Tajik Fields', Asia Times, 2 February 2011; China Digital Times, ‘Latest Directives from the Ministry of Truth, January 2-28, 2011', 28 January 2011.

30 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, ‘Tajikistan to Lease Land to Chinese Farmers', 18 January 2012.

31 Tolgonai Umuraliyeva, ‘Tokmok: Chinese Workers Deported After “Unrest in the Factory”’, Kloop Media, 2 July 2014.

32 Tengri News, ‘Mass Brawl Between Workers in the Aktogay Field Because of Portions of Food', 9 July 2015.

33 Sania Tokyo, ‘After the Fight Kazakh Workers Resettled by Chinese’, Azattyq Radio, 15 August 2012.

34 Authors' interview with a representative from a Chinese state-owned oil and gas company, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, October 2014.

35 David Trilling, ‘Kyrgyzstan: Chinese Respond to Latest Mine Attack', Eurasianet, 30 October 2012.

36 Ibid.

37 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, ‘Brawl Between Kazakh, Turkish Workers Injures 140', 20 October 2006.

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