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Notes
1 Raymond Priest, ‘Doing More with Less’, Marine Corps Gazette (Vol. 74, No. 10, 1990).
2 Thomas Colley, ‘Britain’s Public War Stories: Punching Above Its Weight or Vanishing Force?’, Defence Strategic Communications (Vol. 2, 2017), pp. 172–73.
3 Ministry of Defence (MoD), Defence in a Competitive Age, CP 411 (London: The Stationery Office, 2021), p. 53.
4 Guy Anderson et al., ‘The UK’s Integrated Review and Defence Command Paper’, Janes, 23 March 2021; Mark Lyall Grant, ‘The Integrated Review’s Concept of Global Britain – Is It Realistic?’, King’s College London, 19 July 2021, <https://www.kcl.ac.uk/the-integrated-reviews-concept-of-global-britain-is-it-realistic>, accessed 8 August 2021.
5 RUSI, ‘Land Warfare 2021: Welcoming Remarks and Opening Keynote’ (14:24), 17 June 2021, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhcGUoNo6Hk>, accessed 6 August 2021.
6 MoD and Nick Carter, ‘Chief of Defence Staff Speech RUSI Annual Lecture’, 17 December 2020, <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/chief-of-defence-staff-at-rusi-annual-lecture>, accessed 8 August 2021.
7 MoD and Ben Wallace, ‘Defence Secretary Oral Statement on the Defence Command Paper’, 22 March 2021, <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/defence-secretary-oral-statement-on-the-defence-command-paper>, accessed 8 August 2021.
8 Andrew Feickert, ‘New U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiatives’, Congressional Research Service, IN11281, updated 2 March 2021, pp. 1–2; Gina Harkins, ‘Marines to Shut Down All Tank Units, Cut Infantry Battalions in Major Overhaul’, Military.com, 23 March 2020, <https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/23/marines-shut-down-all-tank-units-cut-infantry-battalions-major-overhaul.html>, accessed 29 October 2021.
9 Megan Eckstein, ‘New Marine Corps Cuts Will Slash All Tanks, Many Heavy Weapons As Focus Shifts to Lighter, Littoral Forces’, USNI News, 23 March 2020, <https://news.usni.org/2020/03/23/new-marine-corps-cuts-will-slash-all-tanks-many-heavy-weapons-as-focus-shifts-to-lighter-littoral-forces>, accessed 29 October 2021; David B Larter, ‘The US Marine Corps Wants Grunts Packing Deadly Swarming Drones’, Defense News, 9 December 2020, <https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2020/12/09/the-us-marine-corps-wants-grunts-packing-deadly-swarming-drones/>, accessed 29 October 2021; Peter Ong, ‘“The U.S. Marine Corps Has Divested in Their Tanks” Well, What Does That Mean?’, Naval News, 25 September 2020, <https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/09/the-u-s-marine-corps-has-divested-in-their-tanks-well-what-does-that-mean/>, accessed 29 October 2021.
10 Mallory Shelbourne, ‘Panel: New Focus on China Fight Could Rob Marine Corps of Versatility’, USNI News, 30 July 2020, <https://news.usni.org/2020/07/30/panel-new-focus-on-china-fight-could-rob-marine-corps-of-versatility>, accessed 29 October 2021; Mark Cancian, ‘Don’t Go Too Crazy, Marine Corps’, War on the Rocks, 8 January 2020.
11 Michael Shurkin, ‘What It Means to Be Expeditionary: A Look at the French Army in Africa’, Joint Forces Quarterly (Vol. 82, No. 3, 2016), pp. 76–78.
12 Sydney J Freedberg Jr, ‘Budget Up, French Army Preps for Major Wargames With US’, Breaking Defense, 25 November 2020, <https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/budget-up-french-army-preps-for-major-wargames-with-us/>, accessed 29 October 2021.
13 The Economist, ‘The French Armed Forces are Planning for High-Intensity War’, 31 March 2021.
14 Armée de Terre, ‘Strategic Vision of the Chief of the French Army: “2030 Operational Superiority”’, April 2020, pp. 2, 6, <https://franceintheus.org/IMG/pdf/french_army_strategic_vision_2020.pdf>, accessed 27 October 2021; Ben McLennan, ‘Confronting a Foreboding Future: The French Army’s Strategic Vision’, The Strategist, 14 August 2020; Audrey Quintin, ‘Progress on the Scorpion Program: France’s Plan to Upgrade its Motorised Capacity’, Finabel, 26 February 2020, <https://finabel.org/progress-on-the-scorpion-program-frances-plan-to-upgrade-its-motorised-capacity/>, accessed 29 October 2021; Army Recognition, ‘French Army Accelerates Modernization of Land Force’, 19 September 2019, <https://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2019_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/french_army_accelerates_modernization_of_land_force.html>, accessed 29 October 2021.
15 Armée de Terre, ‘Strategic Vision of the Chief of the French Army’.
16 Guy Hubin, Perspectives tactiques (Paris: Economica, 2009).
17 Jim Garamone, ‘Milley Makes Case for U.S. Military Keeping Up With Global, Technology Changes’, US Department of Defense, 2 December 2020, <https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2432855/milley-makes-case-for-us-military-keeping-up-with-global-technology-changes/>, accessed 29 October 2021.
18 Defence and Military Analysis Team, ‘Russia’s Armed Forces: More Capable by Far, But For How Long?’, IISS Military Balance Blog, 9 October 2020, <https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2020/10/russia-armed-forces>, accessed 29 October 2021.
19 Liam Collins and Harrison ‘Brandon’ Morgan, ‘Affordable, Abundant, and Autonomous: The Future of Ground Warfare’, War on the Rocks, 21 April 2020.
20 HM Government, Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review, Cm 7948 (London: The Stationery Office, 2010), pp. 10, 26, 33, 59, 69.
21 MoD, ‘The Defence Equipment Plan 2012’, p. 4.
22 Commons Defence Select Committee, ‘Gambling on “Efficiency”: Defence Acquisition and Procurement Contents: 3. The Defence Equipment Plan’, 14 December 2017, <https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmdfence/431/43106.htm>, accessed 10 March 2021.
23 HM Government, ‘National Security Capability Review’, March 2018, pp. 2–6, 14–17.
24 National Audit Office, The Equipment Plan 2020 to 2030, HC 1037 (London: National Audit Office, 2021), p. 4.
25 Shaan Shaikh and Wes Rumbaugh, ‘The Air and Missile War in Nagorno-Karabakh: Lessons for the Future of Strike and Defense’, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 8 December 2020, <https://www.csis.org/analysis/air-and-missile-war-nagorno-karabakh-lessons-future-strike-and-defense>, accessed 28 August 2021.
26 Defence and Military Analysis Team, ‘Russia’s Armed Forces’.
27 Andrew Radin et al., The Future of the Russian Military: Russia’s Ground Combat Capabilities and Implications for U.S.-Russia Competition (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2019), pp. 30–36.
28 Ong, ‘“The U.S. Marine Corps Has Divested in Their Tanks” Well, What Does That Mean?’.
29 Brief to RUSI by 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team on 12 October 2021.
30 Luke Harding and Ben Doherty, ‘Kabul Airport: Footage Appears to Show Afghans Falling From Plane After Takeoff’, The Guardian, 16 August 2021.
31 Rupan Jaim, ‘Taliban Guards Continue to Provide Security Outside Kabul Airport Taliban Official’, Reuters, 26 August 2021.
32 Daniel Kramer, ‘Afghanistan: Why Can't the UK Hold Kabul Airport Without the US?’, BBC News, 27 August 2021.
33 Centre for Historical Analysis and Conflict Research, ‘The Big Picture: The UK Warfighting Division in Context’, Ares & Athena (No. 6, November 2016), p. 6.
34 MoD, Defence in a Competitive Age, CP 411 (London: The Stationery Office, 2021), p. 54.
35 Ibid., pp. 20, 68.
36 British Army, ‘Continual Operation Readiness: 3rd (United Kingdom) Division’, <https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/formations-divisions-brigades/3rd-united-kingdom-division/>, accessed 24 August 2021.
37 British Army, Transforming the British Army: Modernising to Face an Unpredictable Future (London: The Stationery Office, 2012), p. 5.
38 Konrad Muzyka, ‘Russian Forces in the Western Military District’, CNA, June 2021, p. 23, <https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/Russian-Forces-in-the-Western-Military-District.pdf>, accessed 24 August 2021.
39 Will Flannigan, ‘Facts Over Fear; T-14 Armata’, Wavell Room, 19 February 2019, <https://wavellroom.com/2019/02/19/facts-over-fear-t14-take-the-threat-seriously/>, accessed 8 August 2021.
40 Yaniv Barzilai, 102 Days of War: How Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda & the Taliban Survived 2001 (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2013), pp. 100–18.
41 Author interview with US officers advising the Afghan National Army, February 2020.
42 Ibid.
43 Barzilai, 102 Days of War, pp. 100–18.
44 MoD, ‘Joint Doctrine Note 2/19: Defence Strategic Communication: An Approach to Formulating and Executing Strategy’, April 2019, p. vi-1.
45 Alex Mills, ‘Training and Mission Failure at BATUS’, British Army Review (Vol. 174, Winter 2019), pp. 91–93.
46 Colin Clark, ‘Gen. Hyten on the New American Way of War: All-Domain Operations’, Breaking Defense, 18 February 2020, <https://breakingdefense.com/2020/02/gen-hyten-on-the-new-american-way-of-war-all-domain-operations/>, accessed 21 March 2021.
47 Christopher Parker, ‘Rushing to Defeat: The Strategic Flaw in Contemporary U.S. Army Thinking’, Strategy Bridge, 6 July 2020, <https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2020/7/6/rushing-to-defeat-the-strategic-flaw-in-contemporary-us-army-thinking>, accessed 29 October 2021.