Abstract
A large number of species originally assigned to Synedra have been investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy. Most are marine or brackish in distribution and structurally they differ considerably from Synedra as defined from the freshwater species and hence we have been able to recognise five new generic taxa—Catacombas, Hyalosynedra, Tabularia, Ctenophora and Neosynedra. The characters used for their distinction are discussed.