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Abstract
The fine structure of Diploneis finnica, collected from Japan and Finland, has been studied mainly by scanning electron microscopy. The valves of this taxon have two characteristic features. The first is the presence of a single or several square openings near the margin in the median and polar parts of the valve. These openings are visible by light microscopy, but until now no taxonomists had noticed them. The other feature is that the inner wall of the alveolus is composed of two kinds of perforated siliceous layers. In addition to these features, a few other fine structural features are described which are relevant to the taxonomy of the species.