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Abstract
Morphology and taxonomy of some species and presumed varieties of the Caloneis brevis complex of diatoms are studied and comparisons made with type slides held at the Natural History Museum, London. Some varieties assigned to the complex are transitional forms and some taxa have been incorrectly assigned, as demonstrated by critical LM and SEM studies. Caloneis brevis var. distoma fo. africana Giffen is elevated to specific rank as C. africana (Giffen) Stidolph. C. brevis (Greg.) Cleve is shown to be a synonym of C. crassa (Greg.) R. Ross, which equates to Navicula crassa Gregory.