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Abstract
Fine morphology of the frustule and taxonomy of three Urosolenia species are discussed. The analysis with SEM of materials collected in lakes of the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon showed that these taxa differ in valve and girdle bands morphology and in morphometric parameters. One of the species in the conical part of the valve has 1 to 4 buttonhole shaped structures with external more or less developed labiate-like openings. This structure has previously not been described in Urosolenia or in the allied genera Rhizosolenia, Prosboscia, Neocalyptrella and Pseudosolenia.
Two new species, Urosolenia delicatissima and U. amazonica are described and new details of the valve morphology of U. braunii (Hustedt) Rott & Kling are given.