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Abstract
The representatives of Kobayasiella Lange-Bertalot are characteristic of acidic and oligotrophic habitats. Detailed morphological observations using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy were performed on Carpathian populations of six species of the genus. The closely related species can easily be confused mainly due to their fine striation, but they show good distinguishing features in SEM. A comparison of the main features of the six species studied was presented, including central area, the shape of the raphe terminal fissure, the form of the kink on the raphe—which is the most important diagnostic criterion of Kobayasiella genus. In addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of some European finely striated diatoms formerly belonging to the Navicula subtilissima group was reviewed. Kobayasiella tintinnus Buczkó, Wojtal & R. Jahn was described here as a new species from Lake Saint Anna (Romania). In order to confirm validity of Kobayasiella tintinnus sp. nov. and to provide the perfect separation from its sister species (K. micropunctata and K. parasubtilissima) continuous morphometric characters were analysed by Linear Discriminant Analysis.