Abstract
Common nomenclatural problems in diatom research are presented based on our insights. Described here is what is new in the most recent International Code on Botanical Nomenclature—the Vienna Code—since Ross' papers on Nomenclature for Diatomists: the terms epitype and original material, second step lectotypification, treatment of fossil diatoms, and diatom indexing center. A validity check for new names and new combinations is offered in the format of a key. In addition, nomenclature, taxonomy and identification are differentiated and discussed.