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Abstract
A new species of the genus Diatoma was discovered while studying the diatom flora of Great Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China. Diatoma rupestris sp. nov. is described based on both light and scanning electron microscopic observations. It is primarily distinguished from known Diatoma taxa by its narrow, linear outline, acutely rounded, slightly protracted ends and usual occurrence of two rimoportulae near one pole. Other morphological features and ecological parameters of this species are compared to other taxa in this genus that were also common in Great Xing'an Mountains.