Abstract
In the last two decades, the Portuguese Government has responded to the decline of centres of commerce. In this paper, we analyse the three different experiences of town centre management (TCM) schemes developed in Portugal since the turn of the millennium. The first two stages were developed using public sector initiatives and their impacts were limited. The third stage is still under way and is composed of private projects created by local business owners. Taking Lisbon as a case study for this third stage we conclude that these projects have become a pro-active means of intervention in Portuguese town centres.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Professor Vincent Nadin and the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments made on a previous version of the paper. We wish to thank the FCT—Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology and the Center for Geographical Studies for funding the research on which this paper is based.