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Original Articles

Psychic determinism: Leibniz and Freud

Pages 205-213 | Published online: 09 Jun 2008
 

Abstract

You ask me to say a number, any number, and I say ‘127’. Have I answered freely?

“Of course”, says Hume: no‐one compelled me—the fact that my choice was necessitated is irrelevant.

“Yes”, says Leibniz: my choice was not necessitated—the fact that it was determined ( = ‘inclined') is not enough to make it unfree.

“No”, says Freud: my choice was determined—the fact that it was not necessitated is not enough to make it free.

The paper examines the interplay between these answers.

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