Animals as cost‐based robots

Abstract

The frame problem is a problem that arises when an agent attempts to assess the consequences of future behaviour. Strictly, it is a problem of modelling that arises during planning. The problem arises because many of the possible consequences of a planned action are not really relevant to the decision whether to perform the action. The frame problem is typical of the classical approach to artificial intelligence, but it is evident that animals do not suffer from this problem. In this paper it is suggested that animals can circumvent the frame problem because their decision‐making architecture is very different from that traditionally used in artificial intelligence.