Evaluation of the traumatic brain injury early referral programme in Missouri

Abstract

Purpose: Missouri's traumatic brain injury (TBI) early referral programme connects individuals with TBI to state services in the acute stages of recovery. This study evaluated the impact of this programme on service utilization and functional outcomes.

Method: Sixty-seven individuals in the Early Referral (ER) programme were compared with 31 individuals who received services later in their recovery (controls) in terms of their functioning upon programme enrollment and programme services received. Telephone surveys were then completed with 29 ER and 22 later-referred controls assessing social/emotional and vocational functioning, as well as satisfaction with programme services.

Results: The ER group had greater functional limitations than controls upon enrollment. Despite this, at follow-up the ER group evidenced significantly better social integration, emotional well-being and vocational functioning than the control group. Individuals in the ER group did not require/receive more programme resources to achieve these better outcomes. Across both groups, 91% reported feeling the programme is valuable for individuals with TBI.

Conclusions: Missouri's TBI early referral programme provides efficacious and cost-effective targeted support for individuals with TBI. Contact with clients and their families during or shortly after acute rehabilitation appears to be associated with better functional outcomes without an increase in the level of services rendered.

• Traumatic brain injury
• community integration
• outcome
• functional status
• employment
• case management