Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Physical Activity and Fitness in Underserved Middle School Children

Abstract

Few researchers have used social cognitive theory and environment-based constructs to predict physical activity (PA) and fitness in underserved middle-school children. Hence, we evaluated social cognitive variables and perceptions of the school environment to predict PA and fitness in middle school children (N = 506, ages 10-14 years). Using multiple regression analyses we accounted for 12% of the variance in PA and 13-21% of the variance in fitness. The best predictors of PA were barrier self-efficacy, classmate social support, and gender; whereas, only gender predicted fitness. The results affirmed the importance of barrier self-efficacy and gender differences. Our findings regarding classmate social support are some of the first to illuminate the importance of school-specific peers in promoting PA.

Key words:

• Ecological systems theory
• Health
• Obesity
• Self-efficacy

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Jeffrey J. Martin

The current study was part of a larger project funded by the Kellogg's Foundation through the Michigan State Surgeon General.The purpose of the project was to increase healthy eating, physical activity, and tobacco avoidance in 16 middle schools located in cities with high rates of poverty. The authors thank the research staff in the Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology at Henry Ford Hospital for data entry. Please address correspondence concerning this article to Jeffrey Martin, Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, 265 Matthaei Building, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.