The Severe Exercise Domain Amplitude: A Comparison Between Endurance Runners and Cyclists

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Metabolic perturbation and $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ on-kinetics are potential modifiers of fatigue and vary in importance depending on the exercise task. Thus, performance fatigability during high-intensity exercise seems to be exercise mode dependent, affecting tolerance in the severe domain. However, the effects of exercise mode on severe domain amplitude are still unknown. The aims of this study were to compare the severe domain amplitude in endurance runners and cyclists and to verify its possible determinants. Methods: Ten runners and eleven cyclists were tested to determine $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max, maximal velocity/power output of incremental test (v$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max/p$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max), critical velocity/power (CV/CP), distance/work above CV/CP (D′/W′), and the highest velocity/power output which $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max is attained during constant exercise (V_HIGH/P_HIGH). The severe domain amplitude was considered as V_HIGH/P_HIGH relative to CV/CP. Results: When normalized by v$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max/p$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max, although V_HIGH and P_HIGH were similar, CV (89.0 ± 2.2% v$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max) was higher than CP (84.0 ± 4.1% p$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max; p < .05; ES = 1.51). Consequently, the severe domain amplitude was higher in cyclists (153.6 ± 14.4% CP vs. 137.2 ± 14.6% CV; p < .05; ES = 1.13). Runners presented faster $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ on-kinetics than cyclists at V_HIGH/P_HIGH. The severe domain amplitude was correlated with D′ (r = .65) and W′ (r = .71), but not with $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ on-kinetics. Conclusions: Cyclists have a lower CP (%p$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max) and a greater severe domain amplitude than runners, providing a greater range of intensities for attainment of $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$max. Furthermore, the severe domain amplitude appears to be linked to finite energy reserves, but unrelated to $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ on-kinetics.

KEYWORDS:

• Athletes
• exercise tolerance
• high-intensity interval training
• maximal oxygen uptake

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the support of coaches, athletes, and all those who were involved in this study and to the sponsors for their financial support. The authors declare that have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [2006/04073-9]; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Finance Code 001]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina [22.335/2010-2 and 03/2017].