Effects of high and low C:P foods on the feeding of Daphnia pulex

Abstract

The effects of food quality and food quantity on crustacean zooplankton’s feeding rate have been analyzed in the present study. In two experiments, we studied the clearance rates (CRs) of Daphnia pulex on different algal diets (Scenedesmus obliquus, nontoxic Microcystis sp. PCC7806 and Anabeana flos-aquae) varying in carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios and quantities (concentrations). In order to investigate the effects of different algal diets on the feeding of cladocerans, the mixture of S. obliquus, Microcystis sp. PCC7806 and A. flos-aquae was also fed to D. pulex during a 72-h period. Our results showed: (1) D. pulex had different clearance rates from the three mono-specific P-rich algal diets, while no significant difference among clearance rates was observed among the three mono-specific P-poor algal diets; (2) D. pulex increased its clearance rates when it fed on mono-specific P-poor S. obliquus and A. flos-aquae, while a P-poor mixture of M. aeruginosa and A. flos-aquae reduced the clearance rate; (3) A U-shaped quadratic function provided a good fit to the clearance rate and C:P ratios because the clearance rate of D. pulex in both low and high C:P categories were significantly higher than in the moderate C:P category (C:P value = 219). Our results demonstrated that filaments and C:P ratios of algae strongly influence the feeding of crustacean zooplankton. ‘Compensatory feeding’ occurred in the mono-specific, P-poor algal diets but not in the mixed diets. Moreover, the clearance rate of zooplankton was the lowest in the moderate P stoichiometric category. Our experiments suggest that the morphology and C:P ratios of algal diets have important effects on the feeding of Daphnia, and the P stoichiometric characteristics in mixed diets may play an important role in the feeding of large-sized cladocerans.

Keywords:

• Food quality
• Daphnia pulex
• clearance rate
• filament
• C:P ratios

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Nichun Guo, Male, PH.D, Associate Professor, Major in freshwater ecology.

Mingyuan Li, Female, undergraduate, Major in ecology.

Haotong Tian, Male, undergraduate, Major in ecology.

Youhua Ma, Male, PH.D, Professor, Major in Agricultural Resources and Environment.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31300395), the State Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Development Fund (No. 2014SKL008) and the Doctoral Program of Higher Education Research Fund (No. 20133418120007).