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Abstract
For a better understanding of the metabolic adaptations to sulfonamide (SA) stress in submerged macrophytes, the alterations of nutrient element uptake and secondary metabolism were studied in the leaves of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara exposed to 0 and 50 mg/L of SA for 15 d. The results showed that, under a treatment of 50 mg/L SA, the malondialdehyde and superoxide anion (O2•−) contents in V. natans leaves significantly increased, 1.77–3.32 times higher than the control group, respectively, while the chlorophyll concentration showed a 36.99% reduction at the end of experiment. Simultaneously, V. natans showed a removal effect on SA and SA dramatically affected the nutrient removal efficiency by V. natans. Our results suggest that high SA levels can damage V. natans tissue and in turn that results in a stimulation of the antioxidant response. V. natans significantly improved the removal efficiency of SA, meanwhile SA resulted in less removal of TN and TP from the water column.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Houtao Xu is a postdoctoral at School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who is now working on freshwater ecology.
Liming Zhu is a doctor candidate at Shanghai Ocean University, who is now working on Aquatic Biology.
Liqing Wang is a professor at Shanghai Ocean University, where she has contributed to Aquatic Biology and wetland ecology.
Xiaoyan Zheng is a Research and Development Manager at Shanghai Aquatic Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, who is working on Freshwater Ecology.
Linkui Cao is a professor at School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the research filed is mainly focus on non-point source pollution control and ecological agriculture.