366
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Intraocular Fluids

Profiling and Bioinformatic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Cytokines in Aqueous Humor of High Myopic Eyes – Clues for Anti-VEGF Injections

, , , , &
Pages 97-103 | Received 18 Apr 2019, Accepted 16 Jul 2019, Published online: 13 Aug 2019
 

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To investigate the aqueous humor growth factor profile in high myopic eyes and analyze the interaction of differentially expressed cytokines.

Methods

A case–control study including aqueous humor samples from 36 high myopic patients and 32 controls was conducted. Quantibody® Human Growth Factor Array was used to screen the presence of 40 growth factors in aqueous humor. Expressions of differential growth factors were validated by Bio-Plex ProTM multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed.

Results

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA were found to be significantly higher and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected to be lower in high myopic eyes (all P = .03). Multi-plex bead-based assay further validated the differential expressions of four growth factors and all of them were significantly correlated with axial length (P < .001). Twenty-six proteins were mapped into PPI network and positive regulation of cell migration, cellular component movement, and cell motility were the most enriched biological processes based on GO analysis.

Conclusions

Differential expressed cytokines that indicates a distinctive intraocular microenvironment in high myopic eyes might provide clues for pathological changes within high myopic eyes after anti-VEGF injections.

Acknowledgments

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. This article was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of the People’s Republic of China (grant nos. 81870642, 81470613, 81670835, and 81270989), the Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, the Shanghai Talent Development Fund (grant no. 201604), and the Outstanding Youth Medical Talents Program of Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission (grant no. 2017YQ011).

Author contributions: study design (X.J.Z.); study performance (Y.D.); data collection and management (Y.D., W.W.H.); data analysis and interpretation (X.J.Z., W.W.H., Y.D.); writing and review of the manuscript (X.J.Z., R.J.T., Y.L.). All the authors have approved the manuscript.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of the People’s Republic of China (grant nos. 81870642, 81470613, 81670835, and 81270989), the Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, the Shanghai Talent Development Fund (grant no. 201604), and the Outstanding Youth Medical Talents Program of Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission (grant no. 2017YQ011).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.