Effects of hypoxia and post-hypoxic recovery on chick retinal pigment epithelium potentials and light-evoked responses in vitro

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the cellular mechanisms involved in the hypoxia-induced alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) potentials and the light-evoked responses of the RPE in chicks. In addition, to determine the mechanisms involved in the recovery of the RPE during the post-hypoxic period.

Methods. In vitro preparations of chick retina-RPE-choroid were studied by potassium-selective microelectrodes placed in the subretinal space. In addition, single-barrel microelectrodes were used to obtain intracellular recordings from the RPE cells. The perfusate was bubbled continuously with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide for the control condition and replaced by 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide to induce hypoxia.

Results. Hypoxia induced a significant reduction of the trans-tissue potential which was found to result from the depolarization of the apical membrane of the RPE. This depolarization was induced by an increase of subretinal [K⁺]_o. The c-wave was also markedly decreased or abolished during hypoxia. There were two phases of post-hypoxic recovery: an initial small increase in the trans-tissue potential resulting from a basal membrane depolarization followed by an apical membrane hyperpolarization. The trans-tissue potential and the c-wave also were supernormal in two phases during this post-hypoxic period. The c-wave amplitude was temporarily elevated (263.7 ± 77.4% of pre-hypoxic control) because of the enhanced trans-epithelial c-wave and without a light-evoked decrease in subretinal [K⁺]_o.

Conclusions. The trans-tissue potential and the c-wave were markedly decreased during hypoxia. During the post-hypoxic period, both potential recovered with transient supernormalities in two phases. The results suggested that the hypoxic changes resulted directly from changes of the RPE membranes and indirectly from a change in the subretinal [K⁺]_o but were not mediated by the light-evoked decrease in subretinal [K⁺]_o. Curr. Eye Res. 17: 384–391, 1998.

Key words:

• chick
• electroretinography
• hypoxia
• retina
• retinal pigment epithelium