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Abstract
The morphological plasticity of the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton wrightii under different nutrient conditions and photoperiods was measured in a laboratory controlled experiment for 70 days in Japan. Six treatments were used in this experiment (3 × 2 factorial design with three replications) which consisted of three photoperiods and two nutrient conditions. Both photoperiod and nutrient condition had a pronounced effect on shoot and leaf morphology in P. wrightii. New shoot recruitment, and the length of main and new shoots gradually decreased with shortening photoperiod under both nutrient treatments. Plants under an 8 h photoperiod and high nutrient levels generated significantly more dead leaves (7.42 leaf·shoot−1) and decomposed shoots (1.3 shoots·pot−1) than plants under other treatments. Under short photoperiods (12 and 8 h) plants failed to produce flowering spikes in both nutrient conditions. In high nutrient conditions, P. wrightii produced shorter shoots, fewer leaves with shorter and narrower laminas, and smaller petioles compared with plants in the low nutrient condition. This may be adaptive under high nutrient conditions because it lowers foliar uptake and, thus, nutrient toxicity.
Acknowledgements
The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Culture & Sports (Monbukagakusho) of Japan (Research Grant-in-Aid). This study was carried out while the first author was receiving a PhD scholarship from the Monbukagakusho. M.E. Azim was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researcher.