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Eco/Toxicology

Toxicity of metals to tadpoles of the common Sunda toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus

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Pages 364-376 | Received 08 Jul 2011, Accepted 08 Nov 2011, Published online: 08 Dec 2011
 

Abstract

Tadpoles of the common freshwater Sunda toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Amphibia, Bufonidae), were exposed for a 4-day period under laboratory conditions to copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) at various concentrations. Mortality was assessed and median times of death (LT50) and lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated. LT50 and LC50 increased with the decrease in mean exposure times and concentrations for all metals. LC50 (96 h) for Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 0.03, 0.3, 4.2, 1.5, 8.8, 0.4, 1.9, and 39 mg L−1, respectively. Cu was the most toxic to D. melanostictus, followed by Cd, Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mn (Cu > Cd > Fe > Al > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn). Duttaphrynus melanostictus is similarly sensitive to these metals as other amphibian tadpoles.

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Malaysia (MOSTI), under e-Science fund code number 06-01-02-SF0217.

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