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Eco/Toxicology

Trends over 1999–2014 in the concentrations of Ba, Cs, Co, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, and W in urine of US children aged 6–11 years

Pages 115-133 | Received 23 Jun 2017, Accepted 02 Nov 2017, Published online: 08 Dec 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for children aged 6–11 years for 1999–2014 were used to study time trends and factors affecting the urinary levels of barium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, and tungsten. Adjusted levels in urine declined every two years by 5.9% for barium, by 1.2% for cesium, by 18.2% for lead, and by 14% for antimony. For every additional smoker smoking inside a home, the levels of barium increased by 10.6% and for lead by 10%, but for tungsten levels decreased by 7.7%.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

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