A One-Dimensional Model for Coagulation, Sintering, and Surface Growth of Aerosol Agglomerates

The size of the primary particles in aerosol agglomerates is determined in part by the interplay of surface growth, coagulation, and sintering. These processes are modelled by a one-dimensional (1-D) discrete-sectional model, DISGLOM2, which predicts the evolution of agglomerate and primary particle size distributions. DISGLOM2 is an extended version of DISGLOM (Rogak 1997), in which particles smaller than the "melting diameter" were assumed to sinter instantly while bigger particles did not sinter at all. Gradual sintering, "condensational obliteration" (whereby primary particles are lost during heavy surface growth), and diffusional wall deposition have been incorporated into DISGLOM2. Results from DISGLOM2 were comparable with those from 2-D sectional models, but DISGLOM2 was much faster. In addition, DISGLOM2 includes the effects of "condensation" of small spherical particles on large agglomerates, which were not modelled previously. The effect of condensation was shown to be significant at low temperature. DISGLOM2 was used to predict the primary particle diameter of titania particles generated by precursor reaction. By adding gradual sintering, the growth rate of agglomerate particles by coagulation was slightly decreased and the primary particle size considerably increased compared with the results given by DISGLOM. Although DISGLOM2 is an efficient model of the relevant physical processes, the predictions are sensitive to the kinetics of precursor reactions and particle sintering, which can be difficult to characterize in real experimental systems.