Characterization of a Newly Developed Aircraft-Based Laser Ablation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (ALABAMA) and First Field Deployment in Urban Pollution Plumes over Paris During MEGAPOLI 2009

Abstract

We present here the development and first field deployment of a novel Aircraft-based Laser ABlation Aerosol MAss spectrometer (ALABAMA), which is capable of measuring the chemical composition and size of individual ambient aerosol particles in the size range between 150 and 900 nm. The instrument uses a continuous wave 532 nm laser to size and detect the particles, a pulsed 266 nm laser to ablate and ionize the particles, and a bipolar, Z-shaped time-of-flight mass spectrometer to detect positive and negative ions. The ALABAMA fits into a 19”-aircraft rack of 150 cm height and has a total weight of 140 kg, thus currently being one of the smallest and lightest-weight instruments of its type. We present a detailed characterization of ALABAMA with respect to particle beam width, detection and ablation efficiency, and example mass spectra of different particle types. The first aircraft-based field mission was performed within the MEGAPOLI summer campaign in July 2009 around Paris, France, onboard an ATR42 aircraft. During 11 research flights, corresponding to a total measuring time of approximately 44 hours, ALABAMA measured 6502 single particle mass spectra. The mass spectra were classified into eight particle classes using distinctive markers for each particle type. The most abundant particle types contained organic and secondary inorganic compounds. The results further show that differences in the abundance of observed particle types between different air masses are very pronounced when comparing air masses arriving from the greater Paris area with air masses arriving from other directions.

Acknowledgments

We thank the MEGAPOLI team, A. Schwarzenböck (Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France) for the CPC data, L. Gomes and T. Bourianne (Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse, France) for the PSAP data, the SAFIRE team, W. Schneider (University Mainz), the electronic and mechanic workshops at MPIC (F. Helleis, J. Sody), and U. Rohner (TOFWERK AG, Thun, Switzerland). This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, the Earth System Science Research Centre “Geocycles,” the DFG SPP 1294 “HALO” (SCHN 1138/1-1), the junior research group AEROTROP, and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP/2007–2011 under grant agreement no. 212520