Eliminating the main source of instability and turbulence in TSI's 3071 DMA

ABSTRACT

The transfer function of TSI's widely used 3071 Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) widens drastically when the flow rate Q of sheath gas exceeds 30–40 lit/min, limiting its ability to resolve very small particles. This flow instability is unexpected at the prevailing relatively small Reynolds number (Re < 400). Here, we note that the rings holding the laminarization screens penetrate into the flow channel, generating unsteady vortices. A screen step exists not only on the outer screen region, but also on the inner screen region. Using a new step-free screen, no critical transition is observed up to the highest flow rate achieved of Q = 103 lit/min. The original DMA widens the flow cross-section in the mixing region where the aerosol joins the sheath gas. The flow deceleration then arising at small aerosol input flow rates introduces another source of transfer function broadening, which, however, has negative resolution effects only at Q > 60 lit/min. This feature is suppressed here by modifying a single inlet piece. Although the two flow improvements implemented increase the resolving power in the analysis of very small particles, a substantial non-ideality of unclear origin remains: the best resolving power R found with electrosprayed ions of the protein Immunoglobulin is R = 13.9 for the trimer (IgG)₃, and 12 for the monomer, even at a sheath/aerosol flow ratio of 100.

© 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research

EDITOR:

• Jingkun Jiang

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Jerome J. Schmitt and Charles Powell from NanoEngineering Corporation (NEC) for kindly providing laminarizer rings and modified inlet tubes commercialized by NEC. The authors are most grateful to Profs. Peter McMurry and Michel Attoui for their interest and help in this project, and to Drs. Rian You and Michael Zachariah for providing an exceptionally clean IgG sample solution.

Conflict of interest statement

Juan Fernandez de la Mora declares a personal interest in the companies NEC and SEADM commercializing various components used in this work.