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Original Articles

Electrochemical dithiothreitol assay for large-scale particulate matter studies

Kathleen E. BergDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-014X View further author information

Laurelle R. TurnerDepartment of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; View further author information

Megan L. Benka-CokerDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-3604 View further author information

Sarah RajkumarDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-9869 View further author information

Bonnie N. YoungDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-2348 View further author information

Jennifer L. PeelDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1580 View further author information

Maggie L. ClarkDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-5736 View further author information

John VolckensDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; ;Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-9525 View further author information

Charles S. HenryDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; ;Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Correspondence[email protected]

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-7728 View further author information

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Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with human morbidity and mortality. Measuring PM oxidative potential has been shown to provide a predictive measurement between PM exposure and adverse health impacts. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is commonly used to measure the oxidative potential of PM_2.5 (PM less than 2.5 µm aerodynamic diameter). In the common, kinetic form of this assay, the decay of DTT is quantified over time (indirectly) using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, Ellman’s reagent) via UV/vis absorbance spectroscopy. The loss of DTT can also be quantified directly using electrochemical detection. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate the electrochemical assay, using commercially available equipment, relative to the UV/vis absorbance assay and (2) to apply the electrochemical method to a large (>100) number of PM_2.5 filter samples. Also presented here is the comparison of an endpoint assay to the kinetic assay, in an attempt to reduce the time, labor, and materials necessary to quantify PM oxidative potential. The endpoint, electrochemical assay gave comparable results to the UV/vis absorbance assay for PM_2.5 filter sample analysis. Finally, high filter mass loadings (higher than about 0.5 µg PM per mm² filter) lead to suboptimal DTT assay performance, which suggests future studies should limit particle mass loadings on filters.

EDITOR:

Paul Ziemann

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Kevin Klunder, Dr. Casey Quinn, and Luna Martinez for their involvement with this work. We also thank Gloribel Bautista Cuellar and Jonathan Stack for their assistance with the filter sampling in Hondras.

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Funding

Funding for this project was provided by grants from the National Institutes of Health through the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (R33ES024719, PI: Henry; R21ES022810, PI: Peel).

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Electrochemical dithiothreitol assay for large-scale particulate matter studies

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Electrochemical dithiothreitol assay for large-scale particulate matter studies

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