Effect of breathing motion on robustness of proton therapy plans for left-sided breast cancer patients with indication for locoregional irradiation

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the dosimetric impact of breathing motion on robustly optimized proton therapy treatment plans for left-sided breast cancer patients with an indication for locoregional irradiation.

Materials and methods

Clinical Target Volumes (CTVs) (left-sided breast, level 1 to 4 axillary lymph nodes, interpectoral and internal mammary lymph node regions) and organs at risk were delineated on 4 D-CTs of ten female patients. After treatment planning to a prescribed dose of 40.05 Gy(RBE) in 15 fractions on the time-averaged CT, the dose was calculated on all ten phases of the breathing cycle. Robustness to setup (5 mm) and range errors (3%) was evaluated for those ten phases. Correlations were evaluated between the phases of the breathing cycle and the D98% of the CTV and the D_mean of the heart.

Results

Correlations coefficients were between −0.12 and 0.29. At the most extreme values of the 28 robustness scenarios, the clinical goals were met for all but two patients. The mean heart dose was 0.41 Gy(RBE) with a standard deviation of 0.31 Gy(RBE) of proton therapy plans.

Conclusion

The effect of breathing motion on the robustness of proton therapy treatment plans for this patient group is minor and not of clinical significance. Based on this patient group, a deep-inspiration breath hold seems to be unnecessary to improve robustness for these patients.

Keywords:

• Breast cancer
• proton therapy
• robustness
• breathing movement

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Dr. N.C.M.G. van der Voort van Zyp and Haaglanden Medical Center for supporting this research and Y. Wang for providing the scripts.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).