Optimization and stratification of multiple sclerosis treatment in fast developing economic countries: a perspective from Qatar

Abstract

Objective: The introduction of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) – with varying degrees of efficacy for reducing annual relapse rate and disability progression – has considerably transformed the therapeutic landscape of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aim to develop rational evidence-based treatment recommendations and algorithms for the management of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and RRMS that conform to the healthcare system in a fast-developing economic country such as Qatar.

Research design and methods: We conducted a systematic review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1 January 1990 through 30 September 2016). Additional searches of the American Academy of Neurology and European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis abstracts from 2012 through 2016 were performed, in addition to searches of the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency websites to obtain relevant safety information on these DMTs.

Results: For each of the DMTs, the mode of action, efficacy, safety and tolerability are briefly discussed. To facilitate the interpretation, the efficacy data of the pivotal phase III trials are expressed by their most clinically useful measure of therapeutic efficacy, the number needed to treat (NNT). In addition, an overview of head-to-head trials in RRMS is provided as well as a summary of the several different RRMS management strategies (lateral switching, escalation, induction, maintenance and combination therapy) and the potential role of each DMT. Finally, algorithms were developed for CIS, active and highly active or rapidly evolving RRMS and subsequent breakthrough disease or suboptimal treatment response while on DMTs. The benefit-to-risk profiles of the DMTs, taking into account patient preference, allowed the provision of rational and safe patient-tailored treatment algorithms.

Conclusions: Recommendations and algorithms for the management of CIS and RRMS have been developed relevant to the healthcare system of this fast-developing economic country.

Keywords:

• Clinically isolated syndrome
• disease-modifying therapy
• escalation
• Multiple sclerosis
• optimizing treatment
• risk stratification
• treatment algorithm

Transparency

Declaration of funding

This study was not funded.

Declaration of financial/other relationships

D.D. has disclosed that he received honoraria for presentations at meetings and served in advisory boards of Novartis, Genzyme and Merck. B.M., H.E.K., B.C., G.M., H.A.H., N.M., A.B., F.I., and Y.H. have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial companies related to this study or article.

CMRO peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to declare.