Epidural fentanyl does not affect cervical dilation and progress of first stage of vaginal delivery: a randomized, double-blind study

Abstract

Objective: Local anesthetics combined with opioids are commonly used in labor epidural analgesic schemes. This study investigated if the addition of fentanyl to epidural ropivacaine can affect cervical dilation and progress of vaginal delivery.

Methods: Sixty-two nulliparous parturients were randomized to receive epidurally 8 ml ropivacaine 0.2% combined with fentanyl 20 μg (F/R-group, n = 31) or with normal saline 0.4 ml (R-group, n = 31), every hour. Rescue doses of 5 ml ropivacaine 0.2% were also administered. Measurements were performed every 60 min until full cervical dilation. The primary end-point was the time to reach 10-cm cervical dilation. Secondary outcomes were Bishop scores, mode of delivery, total ropivacaine dose, pain, and satisfaction scores (numerical scale, 0–10).

Results: Data from 60 parturients (29 in the F/R and 31 in the R-group) were analyzed. The F/R-group had 26 vaginal deliveries (four instrumentally assisted), and three cesarean deliveries. The R-group had 27 vaginal deliveries (six instrumentally assisted) and 4 cesarean deliveries. Time to 10-cm cervical dilation did not differ between the groups (4 ± 2.4 h in the F/R-group vs 4.4 ± 2.1 h in the R-group, p = .341). The number of women remaining in the study every hour until full cervical dilation and Bishop scores for a 4-h period did not differ between the groups (p = .617). Total ropivacaine dose was comparable between the groups, but the F/R-group reported significantly lower pain (p = .01) and higher satisfaction scores (p = .001).

Conclusions: The addition of fentanyl to ropivacaine 0.2% solution did not affect cervical dilation and progress of the first stage of labor, but improved both analgesia and satisfaction.

Keywords:

• Fentanyl
• cervical dilation
• labor
• epidural analgesia
• ropivacaine

Transparency

Declaration of funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Declaration of financial/other relationships

The authors report no financial relationships. CMRO peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Prior presentation

The study results have in part been presented in the 21st Panhellenic Congress of Anesthesiology, Ioannina, April 23–26, 2015.