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Abstract
Five species of southern ocean oreosomatid fishes (within four genera) are reviewed: Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906, an easily distinguished species widespread in the southern oceans, juveniles previously described as Xenocyttus nemotoi Abe 1957; Oreosoma atlanticum Cuvier 1829 (= Cyttosoma boops Gilchrist 1904), probably widespread but not yet recorded from South America or as adults from New Zealand; Neocyttus rhomboidalis Gilchrist 1906, probably widespread although not yet recorded from South America; Allocyttus verrucosus (Gilchrist) 1906, widespread in the southern oceans; Allocyttus niger n. sp., recorded to date only from New Zealand and south of Australia although likely to have a wider distribution.
As the juveniles are pelagic and little known, full descriptions, photographs, and distribution records are provided separately for adults and juveniles. Juveniles of N. rhomboidalis, A. verrucosus, and A. niger n. sp. are recorded for the first time. A key to adults of the southern oceans is included.
