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Notes

M. G. Brock, ‘The Oxford of Peel and Gladstone’, History of the University of Oxford, vol. vi (Oxford, 1997) (hereafter vi), 56–71.

Janet Howarth, ‘The women's college’, History of the University of Oxford, vol. vii (Oxford, 2000) (hereafter vii), 277, 278–279.

D. G. H[ogarth], ‘Oxford degrees for women’, Anti‐Suffrage Review, 6, May 1909, 5–6, quoted in Janet Howarth, ‘The women's college’, vii, 277.

Christopher Harvie, The lights of liberalism. University liberals and the challenge of democracy 1860–1886 (London, 1976).

See, for example, Christopher Harvie, ‘Reform and expansion, 1854–1871’, History of the University of Oxford, vi, 722; M. G. Brock, ‘Epilogue’, vii, 855–6, 865.

Lewis Campbell, On the nationalisation of the Old English universities (London, 1901).

Peter Hinchcliff, ‘Religious issues, 1870–1914’, vii, 97–112. On the rejuvenation of Christian life in late‐Victorian Cambridge, see Christopher Brooke, History of the University of Cambridge 4: 1870–1990 (Cambridge, 1992), 99–150.

For this approach to nineteenth‐century university history, see Arthur Engel, From clergyman to don: the rise of the academic profession in nineteenth‐century Oxford (Oxford, 1983).

W. R. Ward, ‘From the Tractarians to the Executive Commission, 1845–1854’, vi, 306–336. Idem, Victorian Oxford (London, 1965).

Janet Howarth, ‘'Oxford for Arts': the natural sciences, 1880–1914’, vii, 486.

Robert Fox, ‘The University Museum and Oxford science’, vi, 689.

Ibid., vi, 656.

Ibid., vi, 686.

Howarth, ‘The natural sciences’, 464.

Ibid., 492.

Nicholas Rupke, ‘Oxford's scientific awakening and the role of geology’, vi, 543–562; Robert Fox, ‘The University Museum and Oxford science’, vi, 680–685, 690–691.

Robert Fox, ‘The University Museum and Oxford science’, vi, 665–666; Howarth, ‘The natural sciences’, 481, 486, 491, 492.

Harvie, ‘Reform and expansion’, 702.

John Morley, The life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903) (2vols., 1905 edn.), I, 780.

Brock, ‘The Oxford of Peel and Gladstone’, vi, 67.

John Roach, ‘Victorian universities and the national intelligentsia’, Victorian Studies, Dec. 1959, 131–150.

Royden Harrison, Before the socialists: studies in Labour and politics, 1861–1881 (London, 1965). On the Positivists and empire, see Richard Symonds, ‘Oxford and Empire’, vi, 697.

Brian Harrison, ‘Oxford and the Labour Movement’, Twentieth Century British History, 2/3, 1991, 226–271. Lawrence Goldman, Dons and workers. Oxford and adult education since 1850 (Oxford, 1995).

See, among others, Anne Ockwell and Harold Pollins, ‘“Extension” in all its forms’, vi, 661–688.

T. W. Heyck, The Transformation of intellectual life in Victorian Britain (London, 1982), 164.

Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the property and income of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (Pts. I–III), Parliamentary Papers (hereafter P.P.) 1873, vol. xxxviii.

Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science, 3rd report, P.P. 1873, vol. xxviii.

J. R. de S. Honey and M. C. Curthoys, ‘Oxford and schooling’, vii, 545–569.

‘At Oxford before 1854, the Church was still everything and everywhere…’, [H. P. Liddon], ‘Recent fortunes of the Church in Oxford’, Church Quarterly Review, xii, April 1881, 204.

Michael Brock, ‘The Oxford of Peel and Gladstone’, vol. vi, 22.

P.D. cxxxiv, 22 June 1854, 518. Collier had been educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (BA 1841). A Liberal, in the 1860s he was Solicitor General (1863–66) and Attorney General (1868).

P.D. cxxxii, 7 April 1854, 767.

Ibid., 27 April 1854, 954.

Colin Matthew, ‘Gladstone and University of Oxford’, Oxford Magazine, 2nd week, Michaelmas Term, 1999, 4.

W. R. Ward, ‘From Tractarians to the Executive Commission’, vi, 326–327.

Discussion of the liberal education provided by Oxford was never explicit. The debates focused on institutional changes, and when they touched educational questions, were usually concerned with widening the curriculum. Yet the liberal aims and values of an educational experience designed to build intellect, character and manliness were implicit in much that was said, and were never questioned in the House of Commons in 1854.

P.D. cxxxiv, 22 June 1854, 527. Thomas Milner‐Gibson was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A. 1830) and was the Radical‐Liberal MP for Manchester 1841–57, and for Ashton‐under‐Lyne 1857–68.

P.D. cxxxii, 27 April 1854, 983.

P.D. cxxxiv, 22 June 1854, 515.

P.D. cxxxii, 7 April 1854, 725.

Ibid., 712–714.

Ibid., 974–975.

Fritz Ringer, The Decline of the German Mandarins: the German academic community 1890–1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1969); James J. Sheehan, German liberalism in the nineteenth century (Chicago and London, 1978).

P.D. cxxxii, 7 April 1854, 711 (Mr Warner, Liberal MP for Norwich and a graduate of Wadham College, Oxford).

P.D. cxxxii, 27 April 1854, 940–942. Horsman was the Liberal MP for Stroud at this time, but of conservative views. He was Chief Secretary for Ireland 1855–57.

Ibid., 945–950.

H. P. Liddon, Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey (4 vols., London, 1894), iii, 384–385; Heyck, The transformation of intellectual life, 165.

P.D. cxxxii, 27 April 1854, 970.

Leslie Stephen, ‘On the choice of representatives by popular constituencies’ in [A. O. Rutson (Ed.)] Essays on reform (London, 1867), 95.

Daily Telegraph, 25 September 1867, p. 4. On the Social Science Association see Lawrence Goldman, Science, reform, and politics in Victorian Britain: the Social Science Association 1857–1886 (Cambridge, 2002).

Janet Howarth, ‘The Self‐Governing University 1882–1914’, 641.

Quoted in M.G. Brock, ‘The Oxford of Raymond Asquith and Willie Elmhirst’, 804.

‘But what I learn from its friends and from its opponents, and from those who do not exactly know what opinions to form upon it, is just this—that it is a measure very much like others which we have lately had—a compromise.’ P.D. cxxxii, 27 April 1854, 978.

P.D. cxxxii, 7 April 1854, 698. (Mr John Blackett, educated at Christ Church, Oxford (BA 1841); Fellow of Merton College, Oxford; Liberal MP for Newcastle upon Tyne 1852–56).

Ibid., 768.

Matthew, ‘Gladstone and the University of Oxford’, 4.

Christopher Harvie, ‘Reform and Expansion, 1854–1871’ in Brock and Curthoys (Eds), vi, 701.

M. G. Brock, ‘The Oxford of Raymond Asquith and Willie Elmhirst’, vii, 783.

M. G. Brock, ‘A “plastic structure” ’, in Brock and Curthoys (Eds), vii, 7–9.

Ibid., 54–55.

Quoted in Harvie, ‘Reform and expansion’, 698.

Ibid., 697.

Janet Howarth, ‘The self‐governing university’, vii, 609.

Melvin Richter, The politics of conscience. T. H. Green and his age (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), 69.