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Notes
1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Danida; ‘Projectsin Makueni and Taita Taveta Districts, Kenya. Evaluation 2004/4’, Copenhagen. Hard copies which are free, can be obtained by contacting the Danish State Information Centre at http://danida/netboghandel.dk/. The evaluation contains a synthesis report, five sectoral reports and a GIS analysis. The evaluation can be directly downloaded from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ homepage www.um.dk or the Evaluation Department's homepage at www.Evaluation.dk.
2. A copy of a film ‘Postcards from Kenya’,containing interviews with Kenyan professionals and beneficiaries, parallels the formal evaluation; copies are obtainable from ETC UK, 117, Norfolk Street. North Shields, NE30 1NQ, UK.
3. ‘Corruption in Kenya: Feet of Clay’, Economist,. London, 12 February 2005.
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Danida; ‘summaryof Evaluation: Danida's Comments’, Copenhagen., October 2004.
5. ‘Danida Experiment: Denmark Applaudedfor Remaining in Kenya in Times of Trouble’, Development Today, 17 November 2004.
1. Jan Raath, ‘Mugabe Bans Human RightsGroups’, The Times, 18 November 2004.
2. Solidarity Peace Trust, ‘No War in Zimbabwe: An Account of the Exodus of a Nation's People’, November 2004.
3. Report of the Parliamentary Legal Committee on the Non-Governmental Organisations Bill, 2004, [H.B. 13, 2004], Parliament, Harare, Zimbabwe, p. 1.
4. A. Bartholomew & J. Breakspear, ‘HumanRights as Swords of Empire’, C. Leys & L. Panitch, (eds), Socialist Register 2004: The New Imperialism,, London: Merlin Press, p. 132.
5. Patricia Appavoo, “The small state as donor:Canadian and Swedish development assistance policies, 1960–1976,” PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, 1989 charts Canadian and Scandinavian state aid to southern African liberation movements rather than between members of global civil society and the transitory categories of activists (i.e. from non-state to state).
6. Terrence Ranger, ‘Nationalist Historio-graphy,Patriotic History and the History of the Nation: the Struggle over the Past in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 30, 2 (June 2004), pp. 215–234.
7. Godfrey Marawanyika, ‘NGOs get 6-monthreprieve’, Zimbabwe Independent, 26 November 2004.
8. The notion of 'tea-drinkers’ in Zimbabweanhistory is ironic, given that the many of the African members of the Capricorn Society – a multi-racial group organized by European liberals to ensure the black élite would not take the communist path – who subsequently joined the nationalist movement and ZANU were condemned as ‘tea-drinkers’ by their more militant precursors.
9. The Catholic Institute for InternationalRelations archives, in London, contain this committee's correspondence. Members included Kees Maxey, Judith Acton (Todd) and Lionel Cliffe among others: ‘Anonymous Chelmsford’ donated £600 to its appeal. See Luise White (2003), The Assassination of Herbert Chitepo: Text and Politics in Zimbabwe, Bloomington, Cape Town/Harare: Indiana University Press, Double Storey/Weaver), for a discursive analysis of the versions on Chitepo's untimely demise.
10. Timothy Scarnecchia, ‘“Imperialist Stooge”versus “Communist Puppet”: Defining a Sellout in Zimbabwean Nationalist Politics, 1961–1963’, African Studies Association Annual Meeting, Boston, 31 October 2003.
11. John Day (1967), International Nationalism: The Extraterritorial Relations of Southern Rhodesian African Nationalists, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,
12. Interview, Harare, September 2004.
13. National Archives, Public Records Office.Rhodesia: Political Affairs, Internal: Zanu Party. FCO 36/14 RPI/13. Secret.
14. Cypher/Cat A: Immediate CommonwealthOffice to Accra. Telno 1351. 9 November 1967 (IR 5/7/-), Confidential.
15. Stephen Dorril (2000), MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service, New York: The Free Press, pp. 475, 722.
16. David Smith & Colin Simpson (1981), Mugabe, Salisbury: Pioneer Head, p. 94; Africa Confidential, 27 August 1976.
17. Confidential and Guard (1030/11) BritishEmbassy, Washington, DC, 29 March, 1967.
18. Luise White, The Assassination … .
19. Commonwealth Secretariat Library, Marl-borough House. RA (8) 287. 7 December 1976.
20. The Freedom of Information Act, implementedin 2005, should improve matters for contemporary historians and political researchers.
21. His daughter Irene was assisted in her nursingstudies by Amnesty International, as attested by a letter of 27 August 1971, asking the FCO to facilitate the processing of a British passport so she could get to the UK through Pretoria. An FCO telegram to Pretoria a few days later confirmed that ‘entry facilities [were] issued 16 August and posted to applicant next day.’ National Archives, Public Records Office, FCO 36/766, Policy and Activities of Amnesty International in Relation to Rhodesia: demand for release of political pensions and detainees, 1968–1971, files 26 and 28.
22. National Archives, Public Records Office, FCO36/766, Policy and Activities of Amnesty International in Relation to Rhodesia: demand for release of political pensions and detainees, 19681971, file 23.
23. The CIIR is well-known for its series From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe, on which it worked with the Patriotic Front manpower initiative, published in 1978–80. It included Roger Riddell's ‘Alternative to Poverty and The Land Question’, Duncan Clarke's ‘the Unemployment Crisis’, Colin Stoneman's ‘skilled Labour and Future Needs’, Rob Davies' ‘the Informal Sector’, and Michael Bratton's ‘Beyond Community Development in 1978’, John Gilmurray, Roger Riddell, and David Sanders’ ‘the Struggle for Health’ and Vincent Tickner's ‘The Food Problem in 1979’, and Roger Riddell's ‘Education for Employment in 1980’. There have been discussions on developing a series along the same lines for the current moment. For an excellent example of the CIIR's current work and continued commitment, see Lloyd Sachikonye (2003), The Situation of Commercial Farm Workers after Land Reform in Zimbabwe, Harare/ London: Farm Community Trust of Zimbabwe and Catholic Institute for International Relations.
24. It is spelled Chingwendere and Chigwedere invarious letters.
25. David Moore, ‘Democracy, Violence andIdentity in the Zimbabwean War of National Liberation: Reflections from the Realms of Dissent’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 29,3 (December 1995), 375–402.
26. The post-Chitepo assassination turmoil inZANU is reflected in the revised bibliographic details of Zimbabwe News, The San Francisco edition, dated January/ May 1976, is labelled the first but in fact was preceded by many issues.
27. ‘Comrades Robert & Sally Mugabe, Edgar & Anne Ruvimbo Tekere Send Their Greetings To All ZANU Members and Supporters Around the World,’ Zimbabwe News, 1, 1, (January/May 1976), San Francisco, pp. 39, 41.
28. Eddison Jonas Mudadirwa Zvobgo, ‘SPECIALFEATURE: The Armed Struggle ZILA In Full Bloom And In Full Swing,’ Zimbabwe News, 1, 1, (January/May 1976), San Francisco, pp. 28–30.
29. Alex de Waal (1997), Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa,Oxford: James Currey, for thought-provoking questions on the relationship of aid, sovereignty and democracy, to which my ‘Humanitarian Agendas, State Reconstruction, and Demo-cratisation Processes in Wartorn Societies,’ UNHCR Policy and Evaluation Unit, Working Paper 24, June 2000, is a feeble response.
30. Report of the Parliamentary Legal Committeeon the Non-Governmental Organisations Bill, 2004, [H.B. 13, 2004], Parliament, Harare, Zimbabwe, p. 16.
1. See speech by Trade Commissioner Mandelson(SPEECH/05/23-20/01/2005) http://europa.eu.int/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/ 05/23 & format=HTML & aged=0 & language =EN & guiLanguage=en
2. See speech by Trade Commissioner Mandelson(SPEECH/04/505-1/12/2004) http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/04/505&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
3. This assumes a two-and-a-half year delay inlegally making new funds available – 2010 – and a further two-and-a-half to four-year delay in actually moving from primary commitments to secondary commitments and actual payments.
4. See ECA assessment of the economic andwelfare impacts of the EU-Africa EPAs. http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/trade_and_regional_integration/documents/KAringi.pdf
5. See EC memorandum (MEMO/05/18-20/01/2005) http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/05/18&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
6. While the EU market accounts for 40% of the volume of sugar exports of ACP sugar-protocol beneficiaries it accounts for 71% of the revenue earned on exports.
7. This being said since the Commission takes all policy decisions as a corporate body of Commissioners, he does have an input into policy decisions in all departments of the EC.
8. See the Daily Nation, Barbados, 10 January 2005, http://www.nationnews.com/StoryView.cfm?Record=56821 &Section=LO
9. Least developed country suppliers such asMozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Sudan and Ethiopia will already enjoy unrestricted access to the EU sugar market after reform as a result of the EU's ‘Everything but Arms’ (EBA) initiative.
1. The term ‘armed globalization’ is used byNegri and Hardt for describing today's’ primary obstacle to democracy, namely the global state of war. In their important exploration of the dialectics of the ‘multitude, the living alternative that grows within (armed globalizations') Empire', the authors set out to provide a conceptual basis for a new project of democracy. M.Hardt & A.Negri (2004), Multitude, New York: The Penguin Press; Richard Falk has elaborated the dynamic of predatory globalization for a human rights and civil society perspective. Richard Falk (1999), Predatory Globalization, Cambridge: Polity Press.
2. For a state-of-the-art discourse on thechallenges, dynamics and opportunities entailed in partnership modes of cooperation refer to: J. Brinkerhoff (2002), Partnership for International Development: Rhetoric or Results?, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.
3. Afrol news, 5 February 2004, Portugal, SãoTomé sign military accord, quoted from http://www.afrol.com/articles/11219
4. Afrol news, 20 October 2004, Brazil's Petrobrasinterested in São Tomé oilfields, see: http://www.afrol.com/articles/14591
5. Afrol news, 21 January 2004, Malaysian interest in São Toméan oil, see: http://www.afrol.com/articles/10918
