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Articles

Gendering the extraverted state: the politics of the Kenyan sex workers’ movement

Le genre et l’État extraverti : les politiques du mouvement des travailleurs du sexe Kenyans

 

ABSTRACT

The Kenyan sex worker movement occupies a peculiar place in Kenyan politics – it is an important partner in different programmes and policies in the health sector, but individuals selling sex still disproportionately suffer from different forms of state and public violence and are often marginalised. This article argues that due to the gendered nature of the Kenyan state’s extraversion processes and the resulting dual accountability to national and foreign sovereigns, the Kenyan state’s approach to gender issues is inconsistent and thus produces a situation where social movements with a gender rights agenda can be both included and excluded from the national political scene. The article also explores how the sex worker movement builds on this duality of the Kenyan state when making its strategic choices about engagement with national policy bodies.

RÉSUMÉ

Le mouvement des travailleurs du sexe Kenyans occupe une place particulière dans la vie politique Kenyane : c’est un partenaire important dans divers programmes et politiques sociales dans le secteur de la santé, mais les individus qui vendent des services sexuels subissent toujours de façon disproportionnée différentes formes de violences étatiques et publiques, et sont souvent marginalisés. Cet article soutient que du fait de la nature sexospécifique des processus d’extraversion de l’État Kenyan et de la double responsabilité auprès des souverains nationaux et internationaux qui en découle, l’approche de l’État Kenyan aux questions de genre est incohérente et génère par conséquent une situation où les mouvements sociaux avec un programme d’égalité des droits entre les sexes peuvent être aussi bien intégrés qu’exclus de la scène politique nationale. L’article étudie également comment le mouvement des travailleurs du sexe s’appuie sur cette dualité de l’État Kenyan afin de faire ses choix stratégiquement quant à ses rapports avec les instances politiques nationales.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to express gratitude to the British Eastern Africa Institute of Nairobi for a grant and support while doing research; to the University of Bristol Gender Research Centre for useful comments on the early version of the paper; and to two anonymous reviewers for their comments.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Note on contributor

Eglė Česnulytė, before joining Bristol University in 2015, taught International Development, Political Economy and African Politics related modules at the Universities of Leeds and Warwick. Egle is interested in the political economy of development, gender, sexualities and African politics. Her research has explored how neoliberalism has influenced practices and how discourses affect social, economic and gender structures; and how women in disadvantaged positions within these systems attempt to manoeuvre them for their own survival and advancement.

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