Robert Mugabe's 2013 Presidential Election Campaign

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Notes

¹ B-M. Tendi, ‘Robert Mugabe: A Man of Many Faces’, The Guardian (London), http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/04/zimbabwe-mugabe-many-faces, retrieved on 8 October 2013.

² My comments about Robert Mugabe's thoughts and feelings are drawn from hours of conversations about him with members of his inner circle during the campaign period.

³ ZANU(PF) Campaign Manager 1, Marondera, 15 July 2013.

⁴ Personal recording of Robert Mugabe's presidential campaign speech, Chiweshe, 10 July 2013.

⁵ ‘Patriotic history’ is a sophisticated interpretation of Zimbabwe's liberation struggle that is elaborated by ZANU(PF) leaders and a wide spectrum of nationalist public intellectuals sympathetic to the party in order to bolster its legitimacy. For an initial assessment see T. Ranger's ‘Nationalist Historiography, Patriotic History and the History of the Nation: The Struggle over the Past in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 30, 2 (June 2004), pp. 215–34. For a comprehensive study, see B-M. Tendi, Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals and the Media, (Oxford, Peter Lang, 2010).

⁶ Interview, Sydney Nyanungo, Harare, 20 July 2013.

⁷Ibid.

⁸ See P. Zamchiya, ‘The MDC-T's (Un)Seeing Eye in Zimbabwe's 2013 Harmonised Elections: A Technical Knockout’ in this issue, as well as his ‘Pre-Electoral Detectors: ZANU(PF)’s Attempt to Reclaim Political Hegemony', (Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition Research Report, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2013).

⁹ See for example ‘The End of a Road: The 2013 Elections in Zimbabwe’, Solidarity Peace Trust, http://www.solidaritypeacetrust.org/1337/the-end-of-a-road-the-2013-elections-in-zimbabwe/, retrieved on 16 October 2013.

¹⁰ Interview, Deputy Head of an African Observer Mission to the 2013 Zimbabwe Election, Harare, 28 July 2013.

¹¹ ‘Mugabe Cuts Down Rallies’, Daily News, http://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2013/07/11/mugabe-cuts-down-rallies, retrieved on 8 October 2013.

¹² ZANU(PF) Campaign Manager 1, Marondera, 15 July 2013.

¹³ ‘Woman Dies in Stampede At Chitungwiza Rally’, Herald, 17 July 2013.

¹⁴ Personal recording of Joice Mujuru's campaign speech, Mbare (Harare), 13 July 2013. Also see ‘Don't Forget The People When Elected’, Sunday Mail, 14 July 2013.

¹⁵ Human Rights Watch, ‘“Bullets for each of you”: State-Sponsored Violence since Zimbabwe's March 29 Elections’, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/zimbabwe0608/index.htm, retrieved on 5 October 2013.

¹⁶ Comments by Morgan Tsvangirai during a campaign rally. See ‘Mugabe Not His Own Man: Tsvangirai’, Daily News, http://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2013/07/29/mugabe-not-his-own-man-tsvangirai, retrieved on 8 October 2013.

¹⁷ I. Mandaza, ‘Reflections on the 2013 Zimbabwe Elections’, Mail and Guardian, http://mg.co.za/article/2013-08-08-00-reflections-on-the-2013-zimbabwe-elections, retrieved on 8 October 2013.

¹⁸ See my article ‘Ideology, Civilian Authority and the Zimbabwean Military’ in this issue.

¹⁹ ‘Mudede Deliberately Disenfranchises Voters’, Zimbabwe Independent, 5 July 2013; ‘Report on the Conditions for the 2013 Harmonised Elections’, Research and Advocacy Unit, http://www.researchandadvocacyunit.org/index.php?view = download&alias = 328-report-on-the-conditions-for-the-2013-harmonised-elections&category_slug = 2013-elections&option = com_docman&Itemid = 159, retrieved on 10 October 2013.

²⁰ For a full transcript, see ‘Mugabe's election Eve Press Conference’, http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-11877-Transcript+Mugabes+election+eve+press+brief/news.aspx, retrieved on 5 October 2013.

²¹Ibid.

²² Campaign Manager 2, Harare, 24 July, 2013.

²³ Interview, Sydney Nyanungo, Harare, 5 August 2013.

²⁴Ibid.

²⁵Ibid.

²⁶Ibid.

²⁷ Interview Sydney Nyanungo, Harare, 20 July 2013.

²⁸ ZANU(PF) Campaign Manager 2, Marondera, 15 July 2013.

Additional information

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Blessing-Miles Tendi

BLESSING-MILES TENDIDepartment of International Development, University of Oxford, 3 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. Email: [email protected]