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Notes
1. Nirantar (www.nirantar.net) is a feminist organisation based in New Delhi, which works on issues related to gender and education. The broad objective of the study was to explore ways in which participation in the programme had empowered (or not) the women. The Mahila Shikshan Kendra (MSK) was an eight-month residential educational intervention for rural women and girls from poor, marginalised communities, implemented by a government women’s empowerment programme called Mahila Samakhya (http://mhrd.gov.in/mahila). Between 1994 and 1997, Nirantar worked closely with the Mahila Samakhya programme in Banda and Chitrakoot districts of the state of Uttar Pradesh to develop the curriculum, materials and training and implementation strategy for the MSK (for further details on the MSK see: Nirantar [Citation1997], Ghose [Citation2001] and Ghose and Mullick [Citation2012]).
2. ‘In the context of Government’s overall policy aimed at empowerment of women and in recognition of the fact that literacy, especially female literacy, is a pre-requisite to socio-economic development … the National Literacy Mission be recast with an enhanced focus on female literacy’ (Saakshar Bharat, National Literacy Mission Citation2010, 3).