Land and politics in Southern Africa, 2015–2017: a historiography of re-ordered landscapes and livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s crisis economy

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Notes

1 See, for example, Palmer (1997).

2 If land invasions were the campaign strategy of the early to mid-2000s, indigenisation and economic empowerment became the campaign strategy for the 2008 and 2013 elections.

3 Violence was not defined as state versus white farmers or black versus white only. There were instances where ideas of colonial redress or social justice were sidelined for elite predation, for example, when the state violently displaced villagers from their rural homes and farms to make way for diamond mining companies in 2009 (Saunder and Nyamunda 2016).

4 Rutherford has written a number of other important studies on farmworkers’ struggles in Zimbabwe, for example: Rutherford (2001a, 2001b, 2008, 2013).