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Notes
1 CETIM stands for Centre Europe-Tiers Monde (Europe-Third World Centre).
2 The UN Human Rights Commission was the predecessor of the UN Human Rights Council, which was created in 2006.
3 The core group of states supporting the UNDROP process consisted of Boliva, Ecuador, Cuba and South Africa.
4 See UNDROP (Citation2018).
5 To participate in Human Rights Council discussions, civil society organisations must apply for general or special consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Consultative status allows CSOs to formally participate in UN meetings, including speaking on the record and organising events on UN grounds. The application process takes about two years and is cumbersome for social movements.
6 The study covers international and regional instruments, texts adopted by inter-governmental bodies, general comments adopted by treaty bodies, and recommendations from special procedures (Special Rapporteurs and Independent Experts of the UN human rights system). It is based on the 2016 draft of UNDROP (UNHRC Citation2016) that was discussed at the third session of the Working Group.
7 WAMIP is the World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous People.
8 WFF is the World Forum of Fish Harvesters and Fish Workers and WFFP is the World Forum of Fisher Peoples.
9 IUF is the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco & Allied Workers’ Associations.
10 IITC is the International Indian Treaty Council.
11 The study covers the following contentious issues: the definition of peasants and other people working in rural areas; state obligations, gender equality and the rights of rural women; civil and political rights; economic, social and cultural rights; the right to a clean and healthy environment; the rights of rural workers; the rights to land, fisheries and forests; the rights to seeds and biological diversity; and the rights to other means of production.
12 ‘Agreed language’ (which Golay and Pacheco mention in their contributions) refers to phrasing drawn from international agreements to which states have already indicated their approval.
13 In July 2019, UNDROP was translated into German. Translations into Romanian, Turkish, Italian and five South Asian languages were pending.
14 Written interview with Priscilla Claeys and Marc Edelman, June-July 2019. We thank Henry Simarmata and the SPI team for their support with conducting and translating this interview.
15 The abbreviations refer to: KWPA, Korean Women Peasant Association; KPL, Korean Peasant League; EHNE, Euskal Herriko Nekazarien Elkartasuna, the Basque Farmers’ Union; KRRS, Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha, Karnataka State Farmers’ Association; and CNCR, Conseil National de Concertation et de Coopération des Ruraux du Sénégal, National Council of Cooperation of Rural People of Senegal).
16 CETIM, Centre Europe-Tiers Monde, Europe-Third World Centre.
17 Miguel D’Escoto Brockmann (1933–2017) was a Maryknoll Catholic priest who served as Foreign Minister of Nicaragua during the first Sandinista government (1979–1990).
18 Skype Interview with Priscilla Claeys, 28 May 2019. Original in French.
19 For example, FIAN and LVC (Citation2004).
20 UNHRC Advisory Committee (Citation2010).
21 UNHRC Advisory Committee (Citation2012a).
22 For example, Golay (Citation2016).
23 See Nyéléni Forum (Citation2007).
24 The UN Human Rights Council’s special procedures mandate holders include special rapporteurs, independent experts and working groups tasked with thematic or country studies and with raising public awareness of and advocating for human rights. Treaty bodies are committees that monitor compliance with the provisions of binding international agreements. Universal Periodic Review refers to the Human Rights Council’s annual review of every UN member state’s human rights record.
25 Golay (Citation2019).
26 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
27 Golay (Citation2019), Golay and Bessa (Citation2019). More studies are on the Geneva Academy’s website: https://www.geneva-academy.ch/research/our-project/detail/13-the-rights-of-peasants.
28 See Borras (Citation2008).
29 For example, Monsalve Suárez (Citation2016) and Nuila (Citation2018).
30 Written interview with Priscilla Claeys, 27 May 2019. Original in French.
31 GATT, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, was the predecessor to the World Trade Organisation.
32 Mazoyer et al. (Citation2002).
33 Such as the World Forum of Fisher Peoples (WFFP), the World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP), the International Indian Treaty Council (IITC), the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco & Allied Workers’ Associations (IUF), and the International Federation of Adult Catholic Rural Movements (Fédération Internationale des Mouvements d’Adultes Ruraux Catholiques, FIMARC).
34 The Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, which became the Convention in 2006, the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders (adopted in 1999), the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (adopted in 2008), the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (adopted in 2007), the Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights (adopted in 2012), the Guiding Principles on Foreign Debt and Human Rights (adopted in 2012), and the Declaration on the Right to Peace (adopted in 2017).
35 Hubert (Citation2019).
36 Written interview, 12 April 2019. Original in Spanish.
37 Skype interview with Priscilla Claeys, 5 April 2019. Original in French.
38 Réseau des Organisations Paysannes et des Producteurs Agricoles de L’Afrique de L’Ouest, Network of Peasant and Agricultural Producers Organisations of West Africa
39 Skype interview with Marc Edelman, 27 May 2019. Original in Spanish.
40 For example, FIAN and LVC (Citation2004).
41 Email interview with Priscilla Claeys, June 2019.
42 The Comité français de solidarité internationale (French International Solidarity Committee).
43 See De Schutter et al. (Citation2018a, Citation2018b, Citation2018c).
45 Skype interview with Marc Edelman, 7 June 2019.
46 Email interview with Priscilla Claeys, 17 May 2019.
47 CFS (Citation2012) and FAO (Citation2015).
48 This essay was presented in Geneva in a side event on the negotiations for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, on 15 May 2017. It was originally delivered in Spanish. We include it here to illustrate the type of expert knowledge that was contributed by civil society organisations. As discussed in the introduction, the issue of collective rights emerged as one of the most contentious in the negotiations. The conceptual guidance and support provided by representatives from indigenous peoples’ organisations helped make the case for extending the recognition of collective rights to peasants and other people working in rural areas.
49 Rossetti (Citation2013, 233–234), ICCPR (Citation1966), ICESCR (Citation1966).
50 Steiner et al. (Steiner, Alston, and Goodman Citation2008, 475).
51 Rossetti (Citation2013, 238).
52 Grijalva (Citation2009).
53 Kymlicka (Citation2009, 5).
54 Kymlicka (Citation2009, 6–7).
55 Kymlicka (Citation2009, 7, fn2).
56 Cristescu (Citation1981, 41).
57 ICCPR (Citation1966), ICESCR (Citation1966).
58 UNDRIP (Citation2007).
59 Martínez Cobo (Citation1983, 50–51).
60 Skype interview with Priscilla Claeys, 13 May 2019.
61 Fédération Internationale des Mouvements d’Adultes Ruraux Catholiques (International Federation of Rural Adult Catholic Movements).
62 Mouvement International de la Jeunesse Agricole et Rurale Catholique (International Movement of Young Catholic Farmers).
63 United Nations Economic and Social Council.
64 Hubert (Citation2019).
65 Original in Spanish.
66 UNHRC Advisory Committee (Citation2012b).
67 UNHRC (Citation2016).
68 LGBTI is an abbreviation for ‘lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex’.
