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Abstract
The World Development Report 2008 uses Indonesia as an illustrative case for what it calls ‘transforming countries’. The main argument of this paper is that the three pathways out of poverty (commercially-oriented entrepreneurial smallholder farming; rural non-farm enterprise development, and out-migration) prescribed by the Report should be theoretically and empirically questioned because of the possibility of a reverse consequence: the perpetuation of poverty in Indonesia.
Notes
Thanks to Tania Li and the two anonymous reviewers for critical comments and suggestions on earlier versions. The usual disclaimers apply.
1Akram-Lodhi (Citation2008, 1160) argues the Report ‘offers a vision … that will consolidate the corporate food regime and the establishment of agrarian capitalism across the worlds of global agriculture’.
2The Gini Index is a measurement tool to reflect land distribution of all the landed and landless rural population. The index ranges from 0–1, which is from totally equal to completely unequal land distribution.