Abstract
Between 1907–1916, Lenin developed a programme for the capitalist development of the Russian countryside which was intended 1) to prepare the material and social foundations for socialism, and 2) to provide an alternative to the tsarist regime's pro‐capitalist efforts. During this period, he hoped for a Marxist‐led bourgeois revolution. In his view, a petty bourgeois peasantry inspired by archaic fantasies of social justice and a realistic hatred of gentry privilege and liberal compromise, were crucial to any Marxist success.
Notes
Department of History, University of Massachusetts, Boston. Thanks are due to the Hoover Institution for the Study of War, Revolution and Peace for its research support, and to Brenda Meehan‐Waters and Tetteh Kofi for their critical suggestions.