Determination of thiram residues in canola seeds, water and soil samples using solid-phase microextraction with polypyrrole film followed by ion mobility spectrometer

Abstract

Thiram fungicide contamination in canola seeds, water and soil samples was monitored using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) to assess its environmental relevance. The influence of the various analytical parameters on microextraction procedure including pH, ionic strength, equilibrium time and temperature has been evaluated and optimised. HS-SPME-IMS allowed the determination of thiram in the concentration range of 10–300 ng mL⁻¹ (R² > 0.99). The detection limit and relative standard deviation were 6 ng mL⁻¹ and 8% for five replicate analyses, respectively. The HS-SPME-IMS method with polypyrrole film doped with dodecylsulfate (PPy-DS) as solid phase provided an effective sample clean-up for the monitoring of thiram in canola and soil samples. The main advantages of this method are sensitive, good repeatability, organic solvent-free, less time-consuming and relatively inexpensive.

Keywords:

• thiram
• canola seeds
• soil
• headspace solid-phase microextraction
• polypyrrole
• ion mobility spectrometry

Acknowledgement

The financial support of the Research Council of Tarbiat Modares University is gratefully acknowledged.