Removal of ten pesticide residues on/in kumquat by washing with alkaline electrolysed water

ABSTRACT

As a citrus fruit with edible peel, it is necessary to control the pesticide residues on/in kumquats to lower levels in order to avoid direct intake. This study aimed to investigate the removal of typical pesticide residues in kumquat by alkaline electrolysed water solutions. Field incurred samples and that from laboratory swap method were compared with an established procedure. The pesticide removal rates were similar when using field samples with incurred residues and that by swap method in lab. The removal effects of electrolysed water at pH = 11.0 and pH = 12.5 on ten pesticides were studied with swap method and compared with that of tap water. Samples containing the pesticide residues were extracted and cleaned up with QuEChERS method, followed by determination using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The analytical results showed that the removal effect of electrolysed water on the studied pesticides depended on the pH value and washing duration. Compared with other washing solutions, the pH 12.5 electrolytic water was the most effective media for pesticide residue removal. Moreover, a washing duration of 20 min was optimum. In conclusion, alkaline electrolysed waterin higher pH provides as a potential removal strategy for pesticide residues on fruit surfaces.

KEYWORDS:

• Kumquat
• pesticide residue
• removal
• alkaline electrolysed water

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support from the Program for National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0200206).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the support from the Chinese National Key R&D Program [grant number 2016YFD0200206].