Magnetically recoverable nickel ferrite coated with CuS nanocomposite for degradation of metronidazole in photocatalytic and photo fenton like processes

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of photocatalytic and Fenton-like photocatalytic processes using the FeNi₃/SiO₂/CuS nanocomposite in the removal of metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. The desired magnetic nanocomposite was first synthesised and then characterised using electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction device (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effects of various physicochemical parameters on the degradation process like the initial MNZ concentrations, the nanocomposite dose, the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations, the contact time, and the pH were investigated. According to TEM and FESEM analyses, it was found that the obtained nanoparticles tend to accumulate due to their magnetic properties; hence, the particle size (about 52 nm) was greater than that obtained from the Scherrer equation in the XRD analysis. VSM analysis results revealed that the studied nanocomposite was dispersed in water and could be easily separated by an external magnetic field in a short time, and then be easily re-dispersed with shaking slightly. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained by an exposure time of 200 min, pH of 7, MNZ concentration of 20 mg/L, and a catalyst dosage of 0.02 g/L in the photocatalytic degradation stage. Optimum conditions in the Fenton-like photo-catalytic stage were a pH of 7, a time of 180 min, MNZ concentration of 20 mg/L, a catalyst dose of 0.01 g/L, and an H₂O₂ concentration of 150 mg/L. The photocatalytic degradation of MNZ has followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Results of catalyst recovery and recycling tests showed that the synthesised nanocomposite had a very high recovery and recycling capacity, with only a 5.05% reduction in contaminant degradation efficiency after six alternating cycles. In the Fenton-like photo-catalytic degradation stage, the difference of catalyst degradation percentage was very small among the cycles, showing a decrease of 2.84% from the first to the last cycles. Therefore, the magnetic nanocomposite synthesised in the photocatalytic and heterogeneous Fenton-like photocatalytic degradation of MNZ can be used as a suitable catalyst in the removal and degradation of resistant organic drugs contaminants.

KEYWORDS:

• Metronidazole
• magnetic nanocomposite
• photocatalyst
• fenton-like photo-catalyst
• kinetic
• recovery

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere thanks to the Payame Noor University of Tehran and Birjand University of Medical Sciences for the technical and financial support given to this research. Thanks are equally due to Dr. Othmani Amina for having proofread writing, review,and editing the manuscript. This article is taken from research approved by the ethics committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences with the code of IR.BUMS.REC.1399.175.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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