Risk assessment of pesticides in agriculture farms Jiroft city and effect of drinking water resources using Arc-GIS software

ABSTRACT

The life of organisms is threatened because of the discharge of pesticides containing toxic substances in the environment. Both the toxicity amount of the ingredients and exposure level are very important in the risk of health hazards owing to these materials. Groundwater is the major source of the supply of drinking water in area studied. Organophosphate pesticides in the water samples were analysed by means of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS).The mean value of total ADD showed that children were more exposed to drinking water than adults (~1.7 times). For adults, hazard index was (0.63) illustrating that the groundwater was rather safe for portable use by adults. Nonetheless, hazard index for pesticide exposures in children was (1.21), which is higher than the threshold of 1. Also, the mean values of CR_ingestion for adults and children were 5.2E-05, respectively.

KEYWORDS:

• Organophosphate toxin
• risk assessment
• non-carcinogenic
• carcinogenic

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. (Ethics Code: IR.JMU.REC.1398.57).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Authors contributions

Farzad Fanaei: Investigation, Writing - original draft Writing – review & editing. Mahsa Tahergorabi: Sampling, Writing. Mohammad Malakootian and Majid Kermani: Writing – review & editing. Reza Faryabi and Akbar Esfandyari: Sampling, Writing. hossein Arfaeinia and Samaneh Dehghan: Writing – editing. Amahnaz Ghambarian and Fatemeh Eslami: Supervision, review & editing.

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published articl

Ethical approval

The authors of this article have covered all the ethical points, including non-plagiarism, duplicate publishing, data distortion, and data creation in this article. This project has been registered in Jiroft University of Medical Sciences with the code of ethics of IR.JMU.REC.1398.57