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Original Articles

Characterization of Chlorolignins in Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluents Using Elemental Analysis and Fingerprinting by CuO Oxidation And Hplc

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Pages 133-147 | Received 24 Feb 1993, Accepted 09 Aug 1993, Published online: 04 Oct 2006
 

Abstract

Elemental analyses and chemical degradation techniques were applied to characterize lignin compounds in different stages of the chlorine bleaching process and in total mill effluent. Ultrafiltration was used for separation of chlorolignins into three nominal molecular weight fractions. Alkaline CuO oxidation products were analyzed by HPLC with diode array detection. Major compounds were identified by reference to authentic compounds. For comparison, native lignins (MWL), kraft lignins, and humic substances were studied as well. The oxygen, carbon and organic chlorine contents were closely similar in the various mill samples and their fractions. In all mill samples, vanillin and 6-chlorovanillin were the most abundant CuO oxidation products. There were no essential differences between the effluents before and after the activated sludge treatment. The results indicate the stability of chlorolignins during the bleaching and in particular during the purification. The fingerprint CuO/HPLC and elemental analyses showed clear differences between native lignins, humic substances and industrial chlorolignins. The method can be used for following the fate of chlorolignins in waterways and characterizing high-molecular-weight material.

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