Effect of left ventricular shape alteration on contractility and function

Abstract

We have investigated the effect of left ventricular (LV) shape on contractility and ejection function. In this study, a new contractility index is developed in terms of the wall stress (σ*, normalized with respect to LV pressure) by means of an LV ellipsoidal model. Using cine-ventriculography data, the LV ellipsoidal model (LVEM) major (B) and minor axes (A) are derived for the entire cardiac cycle. Thereafter, a new contractility index (CONT1) is derived as dσ*/dt, incorporating the LV ellipsoidal shape factor. Also, another contractility index (CONT2) was developed in terms of the generated σ* at the start of ejection phase, and maximized with respect to B/Ashape parameter, to obtain the optimal value of B/Aover the physiological ranges of the ratio of myocardial volume and LV volume. The in vivovalue of B/Aat the start of ejection is compared with this optimal value, and the LV contractility is evaluated in terms of the proximity of the in vivo B/Ato the optimal B/A. The results indicate that a non-optimal less-ellipsoidal shape (or more spherical) is associated with decreased contractility (and poor systolic function) of the LV, associated with a failing heart.

Keywords:

• Left ventricle
• Ellipsoidal model
• Non-invasive
• Contractility
• Shape factor
• Wall stress