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Original Articles

Untersuchungen zur verteilung mechanisch übertragbarer viren in bäumen des kern‐ und steinobstes

, , , &
Pages 217-248 | Received 17 May 1994, Published online: 02 Dec 2008
 

Abstract

Beim routinemäßigen Nachweis mechanisch übertragbarer Viren in Bäumen des Kern‐ und Steinobstes kann die Probeentnahme das Testergebnis u. U. nachhaltig beeinflussen. Die Kenntnis der Verteilung dieser Erreger in der Baumkrone ist deshalb von entscheidender Bedeutung. Folgende Viren wurden in die Untersuchungen einbezogen: Chlorotisches Apfelblattfleckungs‐Virus (apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, CLSV), Apfelstammfurchungs‐Virus (apple stem grooving virus, SGV) und Apfelmosaik‐Virus (apple mosic virus, ApMV) (Kernobst) bzw. Nekrotisches und Chlorotisches Kirschenringflecken‐Virus (Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, PNRV; prune dwarf virus, PDV), ApMV, CLSV, Scharka‐Virus der Pflaume (plum pox virus, PPV), Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV) und Kirschenblattroll‐Virus (cherry leaf roll virus, CLRV) (Steinobst). In der Regel kam der ELISA, nur in Einzelfällen der Latextest, zur Anwendung. Die genannten Viren lassen sich hinsichtlich der Verteilung in der holzigen Wirtspflanze 3 Gruppen zuordnen:

Viren mit systemischer Verteilung: CLSV, SGV, PNRV, PDV, PPV in hochanfälligen Pflaumensorten und Pfirsich

Viren mit teilsystemischer Verteilung: ApMV, PPV in weniger anfälligen Pflaumensorten

Viren mit sporadischer Verteilung: PAMV, CLRV

The point of the tree canopy, from which the samples are taken for routine detecting mechanically transmissible viruses of pome and stone fruits, has an influence on the reliability of diagnosis. Therefore the knowledge of the distribution of these viruses within the tree is of great importance. The following viruses were included in the tests: apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (CLSV), apple stem grooving virus (SGV) and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (pome fruits) as well as Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), ApMV, CLSV, plum pox virus (PPV), Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV) and cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV). Mostly the ELISA was used, only in few cases the latex test. The mentioned viruses can be arranged into 3 groups with regard to their distribution in the woody plant:

viruses with a systemic distribution: CLSV, SGV, PNRV, PDV, PPV in very susceptible plum varieties and in peach

viruses with a partly systemic distribution: ApMV, PPV in not so much susceptible plum varieties

viruses with sporadic distribution: PAMV, CLRV

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